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Emerging Infections Microbial Threats to Health in the United States (1992) / Chapter Skim
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GLOSSARY
Pages 273-279

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From page 273...
... arbovirus shortened form of arthropod-borne virus. Any of a group of viruses that are transmitted to man and animals by mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies; they include such agents as yellow fever and eastern, western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses.
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From page 274...
... clonal of or pertaining to a group of genetically identical organisms derived from a single parent or a DNA population derived from a single DNA molecule by replication in a bacterial or eucaryotic host cell. coagulase-negative refers to the inability of an organism, particularly staphylococci, to produce an enzyme that, in concert with a blood plasma cofactor, catalyzes the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen.
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From page 275...
... DNA virus a virus that contains only DNA as its genetic material. droplet nuclei the very small particles of moisture expelled when a person coughs, sneezes, or speaks that may transfer infectious organisms to another person who inhales the droplets.
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From page 276...
... hemagglutinin a molecule, such as an antibody or lectin, that agglutinates red blood cells. hemorrhagic fever a group of diverse, severe epidemic viral infections of worldwide distribution but occurring especially in tropical countries that are usually transmitted to humans by arthropod bites or contact with virus-infected rodents or monkeys and that share common clinicopathologic features (e.g., fever, hemorrhaging, shock, thrombocytopenia, neurological disturbances)
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From page 277...
... monoclonal antibody immunoglobulins derived from a single clone of plasma cells. Monoclonal antibodies constitute a pure population because they are produced by a single clone in vitro and are chemically and structurally identical.
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From page 278...
... retrovirus any of a large family of RNA viruses that includes lentiviruses and oncoviruses, so called because they carry reverse transcriptase. reverse transcriptase RNA-directed DNA polymerase; an enzyme, such as is found in the human immunodeficiency virus, that catalyzes the reaction that uses RNA as a template for double-stranded DNA syntheSi S
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From page 279...
... serotype the characterization of a microorganism based on the kinds and combinations of constituent antigens present in that organism; a taxonomic subdivision of bacteria based on the above. slow virus any virus causing a disease characterized by a very long preclinical course and a very gradual progression of symptoms.
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Key Terms

  • genetic material
  • hiv disease
  • individual infected
  • polymerase chain
  • dna molecule

  • chain reaction
  • immunodeficiency virus
  • blood plasma
  • human immunodeficiency
  • host cell

  • single clone
  • blood cells
  • spreads rapidly
  • avoid detection
  • messenger rna

  • hemorrhagic fevers
  • desired antigen
  • infected person
  • constituent antigens
  • dna polymerase

  • vesicular exanthem
  • contagious pathogenic
  • dna molecules
  • contains rna
  • single base

  • animal population
  • yellow fever
  • response directed
  • induce immunity
  • carries genes


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