Immigration Policy and the Search for Skilled Workers Summary of a Workshop (2015) / Chapter Skim
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2 High-Skilled Immigration and Ideas in a World of Global Education and Research Collaborations
2 High-Skilled Immigration and Ideas in a World of Global Education and Research Collaborations
Pages 7-14
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From page 7... ...
Moreover, international collaborations and dissemination of knowledge are more likely to occur when foreign-born researchers spend time in the United States, either as students or visiting faculty. Collaborations among researchers in science and migration of ideas have increased over time, highlighting the need for decision makers to rethink highskilled immigration policy in the United States.
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From page 8... ...
In a knowledge economy, Freeman explained, globalization's main impact is through the spread of knowledge via higher education, via the migration of students and highly skilled workers, and cross-border collaborations, rather than through trade and capital flows. Despite the "obsolete vision of the Washington consensus, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund," the dissemination of knowledge is what is fundamentally changing the global economy according to Freeman.
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From page 9... ...
There is a "special relationship between the United States and China with regard to education." The Chinese government has published data showing that the percentage of international students in the United States from China rose from 11.6 percent in 2007 to 28.7 percent in 2013. Of all Chinese students studying abroad, 59 percent study in the United States.
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From page 10... ...
Freeman then discussed whether the increasing shares of international students in STEM fields represent a positive or negative development for scientific production. On the one hand, many of the most talented students from emerging economies are staying in the United States and other advanced economies after getting their degrees and advanced training, which could be considered a brain drain to their home country.
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From page 11... ...
share of the world's international collaborations has remained steady between 1997 and 2012 even as the rest of the world has been publishing more papers, producing more scientific research, and catching up to the United States in terms of productivity. "We are in a sense favored as collaborators," said Freeman.
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From page 12... ...
Freeman also commented that unlike in other countries, biomedical research dominates the research portfolio in the United States. In 2011, for example, the United States spent 50 percent of its research funding on life sciences compared to 43.3 percent in the EU, 42 percent in Japan, and 26 percent 2 in China.
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From page 13... ...
In other words, a Chinese student studying in the United States that wants to switch fields cannot do so without permission from the Chinese government. Most other countries, except for the United States, follow this practice.
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From page 14... ...
The final question in the discussion session came from Brad Wible of Science Magazine who asked if Freeman had seen any evidence that the Chinese government is starting to shift its focus from supporting applied or translational research to encouraging more curiosity-driven, investigator-initiated basic research that could lead to Chinese scientists winning the Nobel Prize, for example. Freeman said that was a difficult question to answer but that he has heard that in mathematics the Chinese are pushing to study more abstract concepts that could lead to Chinese scientists winning prestigious academic awards.
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