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Veterans at Risk The Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 421-428

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From page 421...
... Index A Accidental exposure, 42, 139-140 Acute effects, dermatological, 157-167 genital injury, 39, 160, 175, 219, 221 of nitrogen mustard, 77-78 ocular, 133-139 respiratory tract, 11~118, 12~126, 127, 399-412 of sulfur mustard, 22, 25, 34, 7~78, 82 Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANL) , 102-103, 393-395 African Americans, 36, 41 42 Alexander, Stewart, 44 Animal studies, 222-224 blood disorders, 187-188 carcinogenicity, 88-97, 171-172, 391-396 dermatological effects, 162-164, 167, 171-172 gastrointestinal disorders, 187 immunity disorders, 181-183 ocular effects, 139 421 reproductive toxicity, 189-190, 192-194 respiratory effects, 117, 118 Anxiety disorders, 200, 207, 211 Arm chamber tests, 40 Arsenals, 3-4, 4~43, 55, 120, see also Edgewood Arsenal; Occupational exposure Arsenic and arsenic compounds, 86-87, 172-173, 192-193, see also Lewisite Asbestos, 126, 407 Asthma, 119, 336, 409-410 B Bainbridge, MD, Navy Training Center, 372-373 Bari harbor, Italy, disaster, 4, 10, 43~4, 184-185 Basic training, see Training exercises Battlefield use, 9-10, 47-48, 142, 173 exposure levels, 33
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From page 422...
... , recommended exposure levels, 33 Chamber tests, 3, 10, 31-33, 3~40, 52-55, 120-121, 379 cancer risk, 105, 216 psychological effects, 211, 221 treatment of subjects, 6~69 Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program, 49-50 Chemical Warfare Service (CWS) , 3-4, 27-29, 31 arsenals, 3-4, 40-43, 55, 120 chamber tests, 39-40 field tests, 66, 373 records, 7, 373-374, 375-377 see also Edgewood Arsenal Chemotherapy, mustard agents use in, 44 45, 77, 102-103, 122 Chlorine gas, 124, 40~402 Civilian workers, 7, 42-43, 225 Claims, see Disability claims Claustrophobia, 206 Cleft lip and palate, 191 Clothing, see Protective clothing Coercion of test subjects, 65-66, 67~8 Combat fatigue, 203 Committee on Medical Research (CMR)
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From page 423...
... , 7, 225-226 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) , 1-2, 6, 51, 204, 224-226 Depression, 207 Dermatological effects, see Skin disorders and injury Disability claims, 1-2, 10-11, 28, 66 Diseases, listing, ~5, 217 self-reported, 64 65, 384-385 in VA determination guidelines, 2 Disposal of chemical weapons, 33, 48-50 DNA damage, from arsenite, 86-87 from sulfur mustard, 7~77, 8~84, 163-164, 216 Documentation, classification of, 7-8, 51-52, Z6 foreign sources, 18-19 long-term effects, 2, ~6, 214-215 personnel records, 7, 11, 66~7, 225, 37~377 of tests, 17-18, 215, 371 VA guidelines, 2, 11 Drods, 35 Drop tests, see Patch tests E Edgewood Arsenal, 28, 39~0, 42, 46, 140, 37~377 Emphysema, 119-120, 121, 127, 336, 408-409 423 Erythema, 159 as chamber test end point, 36, 39, 40 Exposure levels, 3, 33, 34, 215 chamber tests, 39-40, 52-55 patch tests, 35 Eye disease and injury, 4-5, 131-132, 142-145, 218-219 acute effects, 133-139 battlefield exposure, 135, 137, 140-142 from Lewisite, 137, 138, 144 145, 219 occupational exposure, 139-140 from sulfur mustard, 133-144, 218-219 treatment, 14~144 F Field tests, 3, 31, 32, 40 41, 66 Follow-up of test subjects, 3 - , ~8, 5~52, 22~225 roster development, 37~377 France, WWI gas casualties, 140 G Gas chamber tests, see Chamber tests Gas masks, 3, 36n, 43, 52-55, 215 Gas neurosis, 203 Gastrointestinal disorders, 64, 187, 220 Genetic damage, from Lewisite, 8~87, 104, 192-195 from sulfur mustard, 46-47, 7~77, 83-85, 104, 189-192, 216 Genital injury, 39, 160, 175, 219, 221 Germany, mustard gas use, 9-10 weapons production workers, 169
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From page 424...
... , 17, 30, 339 National Personnel Record Center (NPRC)
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From page 425...
... depletion, 77 Nitrogen mustard, acute effects, 77-78 carcinogenicity, 77-78, 102-103, 104-105, 216-218, 392-393, 395-396 chemistry, 24 as chemotherapy agent, 44 15, 77, 102-103, 122 dermatological effects, 156, 170 respiratory effects, 122 wartime production, 41 Nuremberg Codes of 1947, 379-381 o Occupational exposure, 3-4, 7, 42-43, 55, 120, 140, 215, 221-222, 225 carcinogenicity, 97-101, 103-104, 105, 169-170, 172-173, 397 chlorine gas, 401 dermatological effects, 168-170, 172-173 to Lewisite, 172-173 ocular effects, 139-140 425 reproductive toxicity, 190-191, 194 respiratory effects, 119-120 to sulfur mustard, 97-101, 119-120, 139-140, 168-170 Ocular effects, see Eye disease and injury Ocular epithelial damage, 144 Odor thresholds, 53 Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) , 17, 29-30, 339 Ointments and salves, 10, 35 Online databases, 14-15, 16, 17 Operation TOP HAT, 379-380 p Patch tests, 10, 31, 33, 35, 66, 171 Physical examinations, 68 Pigmentation disorders, 156-157, 168, 169, 175 Pneumonia, 119 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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From page 426...
... elevation, 84, 86 Skin disorders and injury, 4, 64, 148-157, 162-164, 167-168, 171-172, 174-175, 219-220 VETERANS AT RISK acute effects, 157-167 battlefield exposure, 170, 173 cancer, 168, 169-170, 171-173, 175, 216-218, 219, 396 from Lewisite, 153, 164 167, 171-175 from nitrogen mustard, 156, 170 occupational exposure, 168-170, 172-173 sulfur mustard, 151, 153, 154, 156-164, 167-i71, 174, 175 see also Erythema Smoking, 101-102, 411 S.S. John Harvey, 43 Stockpile disposal, 33, 48-50 Stress effects, 204-211, 221 Sulfhydryl peptide depletion, 77 Sulfur dioxide, 123, 402 Sulfur mustard, acute effects, 22, 25, 34, 75-78, 82 carcinogenicity, 47, 78, 82-85, 102, 104, 105, 168-170, 216, 390-392, 395-397 chemistry and properties, 22, 24, 71-78 cytotoxicity, 75-77, 85 dermatological effects, 151, 153, 154, 156-164, 167-171, 174, 175 development, 22, 25 genetic damage, 46 47, 75-77, 83-85, 104, 189-192, 216 immunity effects, 181-186 mutagenicity, 46 47, 84 85, 19~191 occupational exposure, 97-101, 11~120, 139-140, 168-170 ocular effects, 133-144, 218-219 odor threshold, 53 production, 41 reproductive toxicity, 189-192, 220-221 respiratory effects, 11~123, 127, 218
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From page 427...
... Bistera, 43~4 V VA, see Department of Veterans Affairs Vapor cup tests, 35 Vedder, E.B., 28 Vietnam War, post-traumatic stress syndrome, 204, 207 W War Department, see Chemical Warfare Service (COOS) Wear tests, 40 Women in CWS supply units, 41-43 Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, 41-42 World War I (WWI)
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Key Terms

  • occupational exposure
  • chamber tests
  • dermatological effects
  • acute effects
  • reproductive toxicity

  • respiratory effects
  • ocular effects
  • battlefield exposure
  • patch tests
  • nitrogen mustard

  • gas casualties
  • chemical warfare
  • chemical weapons
  • field tests
  • test subjects

  • genetic damage
  • warfare service
  • mustard gas
  • exposure levels
  • vapor cup

  • stockpile disposal
  • production workers
  • national personnel
  • ocular epithelial
  • skin disorders

  • wwi gas
  • stress effects
  • epithelial damage
  • chemical stockpile
  • personnel record


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