Veterans at Risk The Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite (1993) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-13
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From page 9... ...
As improved gas masks became more effective against inhaled poisons, Germany looked to its stockpile of poison gases to find one that would have damaging effects through absorption into the skin and other mechanisms. Thus, in July 1917, in a field outside of Ypres, Belgium, the blistering agent sulfur mustard, caned mustard gas because it had a mustard- or garlic-like odor, was used for the first time.
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From page 10... ...
The researchers involved in these programs, frustrated by the lack of adequate animal models of human injury from these chemicals, decided in 1942 that human subjects were needed for experiments with protective clothing materials and ointments (National Research Council, 1942; Office of Scientific Research and Development, 1946~. At several centers around the country, top secret research using military personnel as human subjects was begun.
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From page 11... ...
This request asked that special attention be paid to the long-term health effects of these agents and for the assessment to be based, to the degree possible within the time aBowed and budget provided, upon published scientific literature dating back to 1917. This report results from the deliberations of the IOM Committee to Survey the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, whose specific charges were to · survey the published literature on the long-term health effects of mustard agents and Lewisite; · summarize the strength of association between exposure to these agents and specific diseases; 0 identify the gaps in knowledge regarding the contribution of exposure to these agents and disease; and · generate recommendations aimed toward decreasing the gaps in knowledge that may be found.
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From page 12... ...
This information was used to identify those diseases for which gaps in the medical and scientific literature might be of particular consequence. In addition, by holding scientific workshop sessions and by soliciting input from experts with technical knowledge applicable to the issues, the committee gathered information pertaining to a variety of questions about the molecular mechanisms of mustard and Lewisite toxicity, the specific protocols used and dose levels achieved in the WWII testing programs, the psychological health effects of chemical warfare environments and exercises, and other related topics (Appendix A)
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From page 13... ...
Science in World War II: Office of Scientific Research and Development. Boston: Little, Brown.
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