China and Global Change Opportunities for Collaboration (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Overviews of Selected Institutions
Appendix A: Overviews of Selected Institutions
Pages 133-172
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From page 135... ...
. The laboratory, with a Van de Graaff nuclear particle accelerator, is managed by Zhu Guanghua and Wang Xinfu, and is administered by the Institute of Low Energy Physics, which is under the leadership of Lu Ting and Wu Yuguang.
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From page 136... ...
Institute of Atmospheric Physics has advised Zhu Guanghua about aerosol particle sampling and analysis needs in air chemistry research and Wang has made his institute's sampling equipment available to the laboratory. Wang Mingxing brought together Zhu Guanghua and Zhang Xiaoye, a staff scientist at the CAS Xi~an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, resulting in collaborative studies of aerosol transport characteristics and publication of their work in international journals.
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From page 137... ...
Japan is this center's major collaborator. Major remote sensing application units are the CAS Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, the NEPA Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, and the Peking University Institute of Remote Sensing Technology and Application (see below)
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From page 138... ...
Zhou Xiuji is director of CAMS and Ding Yihui is the deputy director. According to Ding Yihui, scientists at CAMS working in areas relevant to global change can be found at the Climate Research Center, the Atmospheric Chemistry Center, the Institute of Arid Regions Research, the Tibetan Plateau Institute, and the Beijing Data Center.
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From page 139... ...
Community Climate Model is used to study climate change in East Asia, including the genesis mechanism of East Asian monsoons and the effects of forest coverage variation on regional climate. Study the impacts of climate change on China's development.
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From page 140... ...
Survey expeditions are multiyear undertakings in large regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. CISNAR has completed expeditions in all parts of the country over the last 30 years.
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From page 141... ...
Scientists do not appear to be modeling future changes, although some papers discuss implications; essentially, no predictive work is being undertaken. No collaboration is evident between this coastal zone geomorphology group and Ren Mei-e at Nanjing University, nor with the CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology.
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From page 142... ...
Since 1986, scientists have been carrying out research in nine areas: climate change and prediction, medium-range 'weather forecasting, mesoscale dynamics and nowcasting, atmospheric environment, acid rain, middle atmosphere, geophysical fluid dynamics, atmospheric physics and chemistry, and global change. In general, two research areas are of particular relevance to the global change studies climate modeling and climate diagnostics.
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From page 143... ...
The institute is working with the CAS Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics and the CAS Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology to establish a research station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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From page 144... ...
Core Project, land cover change, and biogeochemistry (Chapters 4 and 5~. Zhang Xinshi will be working with Zheng Du, CAS Institute of Geography, on a multi-institute, multidisciplinary project, "The study of the Origin, Evolution, Environmental Change and Ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau," which is funded by the State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC)
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From page 145... ...
Research Highlights Studies related to global change are conducted mainly in the Department of Climatology and Department of Hydrology. The Department of Climatology studies basic laws of climate formation and evolution and analyzes interactions of various physical processes and changes in past climate periods, maritime climate, monsoon climate, urban climate, near-ground physical climate, and phonology.
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From page 146... ...
The institute will be involved in the multidisciplinary project, "The Origin, Evolution, Environmental Change and Ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau," which will be conducted from 1992-1996. Zheng Du, a physical geographer, is a lead scientist for the ecosystem portion of the project along with Zhang Xinshi, CAS Institute of Botany.
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From page 147... ...
This high rate of returning stuResearch facilities include the National Key Laboratory for Frozen Soil Engineering, the Tianshan Glacier Research Laboratory at 4,000 m and the Tianshan Glaciology Research Station at 5,000 m (located in the Tianshan Mountains near Urumqi in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region) , and, jointly with the CAS Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics, the new logistical base station and comprehensive observatory located respectively in Golmud and Wudaoliang in Qinghai Province.
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From page 148... ...
As part of a paleoclimate study of global climate variability, institute researchers and Lonnie Thompson currently are studying the Guliya ice cap in the western Kunlunshan Mountains in southern Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Results show that this ice cap has the thickest ice (350 m)
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From page 149... ...
is working with Li Jijun of the Department of Geography at Lanzhou University and Li Bingyuan at the CAS Institute of Geography to study environmental changes during the Late Cenozoic Era. Subcomponents include the ice core study mentioned above, lacustrine core drilling (in cooperation with researchers from the CAS Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology [see below]
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From page 150... ...
collaborators have encountered problems reaching agreement about cost sharing, overall cooperation with the United States remains strong, due in part to the high mutual regard of individual scientists. LANZHOU INSTITUTE OF PLATEAU ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS The CAS Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics is responsible for the investigation of the atmospheric sciences in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, and in areas where the climate is influenced by the plateau.
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From page 151... ...
Research Highlights While core activities are in the areas of traditional meteorological and climatological research, the institute supports a number of activities that are of direct or supporting importance to global change science. The HEIFE experiment, which addresses land-atmosphere coupling, is of central importance to the Chinese global change program.
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From page 152... ...
It is housed in a lovely new building located on a campus with other CAS institutes, including the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science. This institute supports about 20 M.S.
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From page 153... ...
Officials would welcome international collaboration in order to be able to start global change research. Overall, this institute offers particular strength in limnology and some kinds of historical analyses of environmental changes appropriate to PAGES.
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From page 154... ...
NANlING INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE The CAS Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, directed by Zhao Qiguo, is the largest institution in China devoted to soil science, and may be considered the leading center for soil science in the country. Basic research focuses on studies of soil genesis and classification, characteristics of soil distribution, the physical, chemical, and biological processes of soils, and the relationships between soil environmental conditions and plant growth.
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From page 155... ...
Researchers need a spatial database for extrapolating results for this province, not to mention all of the paddy areas of China. GIS support is available at the institute through Lin Guangsong and Yang Xiangheng and at the CAS Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology located just yards away.
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From page 156... ...
Ren has the beginnings of an expanded proposal for an integrated study of land cover change, river hydrology and geomorphology, and human and economic impacts in the coastal zone of the Huanghe River (Ren 1991b)
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From page 157... ...
Tang Xiaoyan and Shao Kesheng have studied the effect of CH4 and acid rain on atmospheric chemistry. As seen below, the university has a remote sensing center that has been used to study the impacts of climate change.
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From page 158... ...
Though it sponsors no major journal of environmental science, Peking University is home to influential reviewers of papers in important national journals. Institute of Remote Sensing Technology and Application Depending on which sponsoring organization is identifying it, this unit can be known as the Institute of Remote Sensing Technology
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From page 159... ...
A satellite ground station receives AVHRR data from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites.
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From page 160... ...
Some of the activities are directly related to global change issues, others are generally related: (1) implementation of national and key environmental projects relevant to regional, urban, and rural economic development, such as acid rain in southwest China, Tianjin and Yichang environmental planning, and the Minjiang River Estuary environmental assessment; (2)
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From page 161... ...
RCEES has several well-equipped laboratories, with instrumentaion that includes a high-resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometer pith double crystals, a high-frequency plasma emission spectrograph, Fourier transform infrared spectrograph, a combined gas chromato,raph and mass spectrometer, an X-ray diffraction and fluorescence pectrograph, a laser spectrometer, a UV/visible light spectrophoometer, an ion chromatograph, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, g as chromate graph, a high-pressure liquid chromate graph, a ~olarograph, a thermal energy analyzer, a differential thermal anayzer, and a computer work station. In addition, RCEES has a VAX'80 computer shared jointly with three other CAS institutes, direct omputer connections with an institute in Germany, and about 20 'Cs.
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From page 162... ...
RCEES proposals for land cover change studies were not funded under the Eighth 5-Year Plan. The center will look for international collaboration, possibly with Australia, Germany, or the United States to fund this type of work.
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From page 163... ...
scientists in the area of ,lobal change research, several RCEES scientists have established co~perative projects, for example, Su Weihan, Zhao Dianwu, and Liu ingyi (who strongly supports international collaboration in her ca~acity as Secretary General of the United Nations Scientific Commitee on Problems of the Environment-CAST program for China)
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From page 164... ...
Two other projects should be noted for their relevance to global change research. First, Xu Daquan makes detailed gas exchange measurements and is interested in the direct effects of CO2 enhancement on plants.
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From page 165... ...
The institute administers three ecological research stations and is responsible for the South China Botanical Garden, which was founded in 1958 and covers about 300 ha. The garden has currently more than 4,000 species, including some 500 species of medicinal plants.
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From page 166... ...
. · Develop models for predicting land cover change for specified scenarios of climate change (including crops)
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From page 167... ...
Within CAS, the Qingdao institute is responsible for the East China Sea and this one for the South China Sea. It confers the M.S.
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From page 168... ...
This laboratory is one of the leading centers for research on past climate change, and an application has been made to be named a national key laboratory. Its research program is organized around a central theme of documenting past climate change as recorded stratigraphically in the Loess Plateau from 2.5 million years ago to predict future climate trends and impacts.
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From page 169... ...
for the Loess Plateau. Three of the major results are noteworthy: · A theory has been put forth that paleo-Asian monsoon is a controlling factor in environmental changes in central China, for example, that variation in monsoon circulation may have caused variation in temperature, moisture, soil conditions, and plant growth during the past 20,000 years.
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From page 170... ...
An additional opportunity to develop an even longer desert-mountain transect exists between the Fukang station and the CAS Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology's Tianshan Glaciology Research Station. Despite this opportunity, global change research is a new priority for
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From page 171... ...
natural climate variability to probe the response of arid mountain-desert landscapes to climate change. ZHONGSHAN UNIVERSITY Although panel members were not able to visit Zhon~shan University, research from that university was described during a panel member's visit to the CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology.
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From page 172... ...
Trends will be monitored for 5 years and will include some computer modeling. Mountain area studies will be conducted at the CAS Beijing Forest Ecosystem Station, which is located about 2 hours west of Beijing.
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