Protecting Visibility in National Parks and Wilderness Areas (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Comparing Visibility Control Strategies
Appendix E: Comparing Visibility Control Strategies
Pages 441-447
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From page 441... ...
Because there are thousands of contributing sources, there usually are many combinations of controls that could achieve the same visibility improvements and some that could not achieve the desired visibility improvements. The purpose of identifying solutions as feasible or infeasible is to clarify for decision-makers the group of solutions that could achieve desired air quality improvements.
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From page 442... ...
Then, the effect of those controls on air quality is tested by application through the completed air quality and visibility models. Because the number of controls that must be tested for their effect on air quality and visibility is potentially quite large, care must be taken to structure an efficient search for feasible solutions.
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From page 443... ...
In the case of problems that are described by linear environmental models, cost-effectiveness indexes can be constructed from available data that describe the incremental cost per unit of air quality improvement that is attributed to each available control technique. The indexes (in micrograms per cubic meter of pollutant concentration improvement per million dollars per year spent on a particular type of control, or extinction coefficient increment per unit cost)
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From page 444... ...
x ~ 1, where C is the total cost of the control program; x is a vector of control method activity levels (if control measure i is adopted as part of the solution to the problem then x; = I; if control measure i is not used than x; = 0~; c is a vector whose elements state the annual cost of individual control measures if selected for application to the solution; r is a vector of pollutant concentration reduction requirements (or extinction coeff~cient reduction requirements) at each monitoring site; B is a matrix whose elements indicate the pollutant concentration reduction (or extinction coefficient reduction)
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From page 445... ...
Further research into development of methods for optimizing selection of control programs for nonlinear air quality problems is warranted. Certain economic incentive systems have been proposed as an alternative to the above engineering procedures for finding control programs that are economically attractive.
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From page 446... ...
In other cases, the human skills needed to analyze the problem are not available to the regulatory agencies. Given the large financial costs to society inherent in regional air pollution control, it is important to address the barriers to finding technically and economically sound solutions to regional visibility problems.
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From page 447... ...
In other cases, the human skills needed to analyze the problem are not available to the regulatory agencies. Given the large financial costs to society inherent in regional air pollution control, it is important to address the barriers to finding technically and economically sound solutions to regional visibility problems.
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