The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds (1980) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix H: Food Contamination
Appendix H: Food Contamination
Pages 262-274
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From page 262... ...
· Do processing and storage significantly decrease antibiotic residues? · Are there beneficial effects from the presence of antibiotics in.foods?
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From page 263... ...
TOXIC EFFECTS Manifestation of a toxic effect requires only that a susceptible individual be exposed to the antibiotic residues. Mercer (1975)
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From page 264... ...
indicate a marked reduction in levels of penicillin in the kidney, liver, and muscle of chickens, swine, and lambs following frozen storage for as short a time as 8 days. In the United States, fresh poultry reaches the market within 1 to 2 days whereas fresh beef and pork require from 1 to 3 weeks.
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From page 265... ...
The salmonellae and the coliforms (especially Escherichia coli) deserve our greatest attention, the former because they are known animal and human pathogens that are transferred between the two and the latter because they are almost ubiquitous, are routinely used as indicators of inadequate hygienic practices, are routinely present in the human alimentary tract, can easily transfer drug resistances, and have an increasingly recognized role in outbreaks of gastrointestinal disorders in humans.
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From page 266... ...
concluded that these constituted the main source of organisms for carcass contamination. Intestinal contents also readily contaminate transportation facilities and holding pens where other animals are subsequently contaminated, many of which are young animals later shipped to farms or to heavily concentrated populations in fattening pens.
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From page 267... ...
Therefore, efforts to reduce contamination of shell eggs should be aimed at environmental factors rather than at the physiological processes of egg formation. VALUE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FOODS Since there is no question regarding the potential dangers of antibiotic residues in foods, one must also ask whether such residues also have beneficial effects.
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From page 268... ...
Since the volume of imported products is rather extensive, we should address this topic also. The responsibility for reviewing foreign programs regulating meat production and for inspecting imported meats, poultry, and products of meat and poultry is vested in the Foreign Programs Branch, Field Operations Division, Meat and Poultry Inspection Program, Food Safety and Quality Service of the USDA (McEnroe, 1971~.
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From page 269... ...
Products originating from authorized plants in recognized countries must still be accompanied by a certificate signed by a qualified representative stating that the meat or meat product comes from animals that passed veterinary ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection, that it is wholesome and free of preservatives, and that it is otherwise in compliance with U.S. requirements.
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From page 270... ...
The effectiveness of public health programs in the United States has contributed greatly to a healthier population with an enhanced nutritional status, but they have also produced a nation of consumers who take for granted the safety of the products they consume and who know little about what precautionary measures they should take or why. Because the government has helped to create this problem, it has a responsibility to continue to protect the consumers from themselves.
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From page 271... ...
7 . FDA and state animal regulatory officials should strongly encourage isolation of animals that are on antibiotic therapy.
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Pp. 193-211 in Animal Industry Research Progress Report, AIR, Vol.
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From page 273... ...
In press. Antibiotic resistance and sensitive Escherichia cold O-serotypes in the gut and on the carcass of _ commercially slaughtered broiler chickens and the potential public health implications.
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From page 274... ...
1978. Epidemic spread of a chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 204 in bovine animals in Britain.
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