Laboratory Animal Management Dogs (1994) / Chapter Skim
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2 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
2 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Pages 4-10
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Criteria for Selecting Experimental Animals Scientists who are planning experiments evaluate both animal and nonanimal approaches. If there are no suitable alternatives to the use of live animals, the appropriate species is selected on the basis of various scientific and practical factors, including the following: .
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Recently, an improved method for staining canine chromosomes has been developed that makes karyotyping with Giemsa banding feasible (Stone et al., 1991~. A number of loci have been identified that code for the antigens of the canine major histocompatibility complex, which has been designated DLA (Vriesendorp et al., 1977~.
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These and other techniques, such as chromosomal in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybridization, will likely greatly increase our understanding of canine genetics. Inherited defects including lysosomal storage diseases, retinal degenerations, coagulopathies, complement deficiency, and various musculoskeletal, hematopoietic, immunologic, and necrologic diseases- are common in purebred dogs, and many specific disorders are found most commonly in particular breeds (Patterson et al., 1989~.
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For example, it is possible to take multiple blood samples of several milliliters each from a single dog over some period without compromising the dog's well-being, but taking samples of similar size during the same period from a single mouse or rat would be impossible. BEHAVIORAL FACTORS The social unit for dogs is the pack, and most dogs can be socialized to accept humans as the dominant individual in their social hierarchy, especially if the techniques used to socialize them provide rewarding experiences (e.g., food treats, petting, and verbal reinforcements)
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Leptospirosis Pasteurellosis Rabies Ringworm (dermatomycoses) Rocky Mountain spotted fever Salmonellosis Scabies Tularemia Visceral larva migrans Yersiniosis Cheyletiella yasguri Entamoeba histolytica Trypanosoma cruzi Brucella cants Direct Campylobacter jejuni Direct Taenia multiceps Direct Enteropathogenic Escherich~a cold Ancylostoma braziliense Ancylostoma caninum Dipylidium caninum Dysgonic fermenter-2 Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Giardia intestinalis (canis)
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Detailed discussions of zoonoses have been published (Ache and Szyfres, 1987; August, 1988; Elliot et al., 1985; Fishbein and Robinson, 1993; Hubbert et al., 1975~. Personnel can develop allergies to canine dander and saliva, can be bitten or scratched, might suffer hearing impairment from prolonged exposure to excessive noise generated by barking dogs or mechanical equipment, or can be injured while lifting or transporting large dogs.
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1988b. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex of the dog.
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