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Glossary
Pages 489-494

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From page 489...
... are leached out and replaced by H+, resulting in pH levels less than 7.0. Highly acidic soils may limit plant growth due to insufficient calcium and magnesium, toxic levels of exchangeable aluminum (in soils with pH <5.5)
From page 490...
... , frequently shallow depths, and seasonal oxygen deficiency in the deeper areas; occurs naturally and by human activity, usually in the form of industrial or municipal wastewater or agricultural runoff. Eutrophication causes algal blooms, fish kills, and other water quality problems.
From page 491...
... laterite refers to a zonal group of red soils, rare in the United States, developed in hot, humid climates characterized by intense weathering, chemical change, and residues of aluminum and iron oxides. ligand the molecule, ion, or group bound to the central atom in a chelate (cyclical structure with a central metallic ion)
From page 492...
... Cultivation causes marked reductions in total organic carbon content in the soil; but it can be replaced by crop residues, manures, or other sources of organic matter added to soils. osmotic potential the work per unit quantity of pure water that has to be done to prevent the transport or flow of a solvent across a membrane that separates (1)
From page 493...
... rill erosion erosion of soil by running water carving out visible channels that are small enough to be filled in by tillage. salinity the concentration of dissolved salt in water traditionally referring to major anions and cations (Na, Ca, Mg, K, C1, S04, HCO3, CO3, NO3)
From page 494...
... and is considered with the electroconductivity measurement of salinity when assessing the potential effects of water quality on soil water penetration. soil horizon an approximately horizontal layer of soil differing from adjacent layers in physical, chemical, or biological properties such as color, structure, texture, consistence, kinds and numbers of organisms present, or degree of acidity or alkalinity.


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