Innovations in Design and Utilization of Measurement Systems to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health Workshop Summary (2015) / Chapter Skim
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3 Measurement Systems to Assess Individual- and Population-Level Change
3 Measurement Systems to Assess Individual- and Population-Level Change
Pages 21-36
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Five presenters described examples of these systems and pointed toward how they could be replicated and expanded. EVALUATING SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION ON A LARGE SCALE ACROSS STATE POPULATIONS Robert Orwin, a senior study director in the Behavioral Health Group at Westat, led off the session by describing results from a national public health initiative to counter substance abuse: the Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentive Grant (SPF-SIG)
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Seven states that ran intervention programs reaching more than 50 percent of their populations achieved improvements relative to the national downward trend on most outcome measures (Diana et al., 2014)
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The researchers found that the number of environmental strategies that a community implemented predicted more reductions in substance abuse outcomes. Tailoring interventions to the needs of the target population also predicted decreases in underage drinking outcomes (Diana et al., 2014)
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. Experts have been looking at youth suicide numbers for decades, Pearson told the workshop audience, and "It was time to try to do something about it." The task force set out to prioritize research objectives that, if implemented, could reduce all suicides -- including youth suicides -- by 20 percent in 5 years (NAASP, 2014)
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ASSESS INDIVIDUAL- AND POPULATION-LEVEL CHANGE 25 FIGURE 3-1 Suicide rates among persons aged 15 to 19 years. Suicide in the United States has risen slightly in recent years after a substantial decline.
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2013, for the 12 months preceding the survey. SOURCE: CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/ yrbs/index.htm (accessed March 25, 2015)
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The infrastructure started with the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) , which Farber's office oversees, and which recently expanded to include all data supported by NIMH from clinical trials as well as data related to the Research Domain Criteria initiative.
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As data aggregates in the federal repositories, the community can begin to compare various data dictionaries and "start to pick winners," Farber said. Another benefit of aggregating data is that if a researcher tries to send in an answer that falls outside the value range defined by a particular data dictionary, "We send it back and say, ‘No, that is not quite right.'" At first, researchers hate being told their data are incorrect, he said, but they appreciate discovering errors sooner rather than later, and fix them.
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This work is in collaboration with the Maryland State Department of Education and is guided by a conceptual framework for prevention that builds upon multitiered systems of support. Maryland follows a wellknown noncurricular, schoolwide tiered prevention model called Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)
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Schools in the group that received interventions adopted the PBIS model and also chose to implement evidence-based programs such as Botvin's Life Skills Program for substance abuse prevention, or Check-In/Check-Out to boost student engagement and attendance. Schools received training and coaching by an implementation support provider, referred to as a school climate specialist.
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The MDS3 initiative has expanded into middle and elementary schools, and more than 200 Maryland schools are now participating. Preliminary results from the randomized trial indicate significant improvements in several behavioral outcomes and aspects of school climate (Bradshaw et al., 2014a)
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. Wrapping up, Bradshaw highlighted several common themes from the two data-based initiatives in Maryland schools: The focus and framing of the data dashboard varies by user need, which may include different interests in school climate, dropout rates, particular types of data (e.g., academic performance or behavior)
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. Then, your comprehensive intervention strategies must be mapped, measured, and monitored at that local condition level." One example of a local condition is when youths are gaining access to alcohol because neighborhood merchants are not carding them.
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Given the complex, messy nature of communities and coalition work, Abdullah recommended that measurement systems for assessing coalitions' effect on youth behavioral outcomes have three components: They should be simple, with a linear logic model. They should be able to capture varied 7 For more information, see http://www.cadca.org/resources/detail/coalitions-trained-cadcainstitute-are-more-effective-community-problem-solvers (accessed March 25, 2015)
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Presented at the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America Annual Meeting, National Harbor, MD. Drug-Free Communities Support Program 2012 National Evaluation Report.
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2013. Report to Congress: Garrett Lee Smith Youth Suicide Prevention Program.
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