Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 19 (2015) / Chapter Skim
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5 Tellurium Hexafluoride Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
5 Tellurium Hexafluoride Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
Pages 139-162
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From page 139... ...
Both the document and the AEGL values were then reviewed by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels.
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From page 140... ...
All rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice exposed for 4 h to tellurium hexafluoride at concentrations of 5 ppm or higher died, and all mice exposed at 5 ppm for 1 h died. All animals exposed at 1 ppm for 1 or 4 h survived (Kimmerle 1960)
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From page 141... ...
Tellurium hexafluoride hydrolyzes slowly in water to hydrogen fluoride and telluric acid. Its chemical and physical properties are presented in Table 5-2.
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TABLE 5-1 AEGL Values for Tellurium Hexafluoride End Point Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h (Reference) AEGL-1 NRa NRa NRa NRa NRa Insufficient data.
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exposed one rabbit, one guinea pig, two male white rats, and four male white mice per group to tellurium hexafluoride for 1 or 4 h. Exposures were carried out in a 2-m3 chamber.
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Guinea pig 1 4 Respiratory dysfunction, pulmonary edema. (1/group)
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was observed in all animals exposed at 1 ppm for 1 h. At 5 ppm for 1 h, severe damage was observed in the respiratory organs of the animals; the rabbit, guinea pigs, and rats survived the exposure but recovered very slowly.
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In that study, all rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice exposed to tellurium hexafluoride at 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 ppm for 4 h died (Kimmerle 1960)
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If the slow hydrolysis rate resulted in more hydrogen fluoride being released in the lung than in the upper respiratory tract, it would result in greater pulmonary damage and likely be more lethal. Mortality in rats exposed to hydrogen fluoride at 1,300 ppm for 30 min by cannulation (to simulate mouth breathing)
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From page 148... ...
All rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice exposed to tellurium hexafluoride at 5 ppm for 4 h died, but survived exposure at 1 ppm. Animals exposed at 1 ppm exhibited difficulty breathing and pulmonary edema, which resolved during the follow-up period.
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From page 149... ...
Mortality data on tellurium hexafluoride suggest a steep concentrationresponse curve, which implies little intraspecies variability. Mortality was 100% in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice exposed to tellurium hexafluoride at 5 ppm or higher for 4 h.
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At 5 ppm for 1 h, severe damage in the respiratory organs of the animals was found; the rabbit, guinea pigs, and rats survived the exposure but recovered very slowly. All of the mice died.
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From page 151... ...
; at 1 ppm, the animals survived but experienced pulmonary edema and respiratory dysfunction. For a 1-h exposure, all mice exposed at 5 ppm died; the other species survived that exposure and recovered slowly from severe damage to the respiratory organs.
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. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists established a threshold limit value – time-weighted average of 0.02 ppm (measured as tellurium)
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A single study of the acute toxicity of tellurium hexafluoride in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice is available (Kimmerle 1960) , but only a few animals were tested and some potentially relevant end points were not evaluated.
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No mechanistic data are available for other potential end points, including neurotoxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Additional acute inhalation toxicity studies would help strengthen the basis of the AEGL values.
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2001. Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals.
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All rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice exposed at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 ppm for 4 h died, and all mice exposed at 5 ppm for 1 h died. All animals exposed at 1 ppm for 1 or 4 h survived (Kimmerle 1960)
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From page 157... ...
Intraspecies: 3, because tellurium hexafluoride is highly irritating and corrosive and much of the toxicity is likely caused by a direct chemical effect on the tissues; that type of portal-of-entry effect is not expected to vary greatly among individuals. Modifying factor: 10, because of the sparse database on tellurium hexafluoride and the potential effects of tellurium Time scaling: Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001)
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From page 158... ...
All rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice exposed at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 ppm for 4 h died, and all mice exposed at 5 ppm for 1 h died. All animals exposed at 1 ppm for 1 or 4 h survived (Kimmerle 1960)
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From page 159... ...
Modifying factor: 10, because of the sparse database on tellurium hexafluoride and to account for potential effects of tellurium Animal-to-human dosimetric adjustment: None Time scaling: Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001)
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160 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX C CATEGORY PLOT FOR TELLURIUM HEXAFLUORIDE FIGURE C-1 Category plot of toxicity data and AEGL values for tellurium hexafluoride.
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TABLE D-1 Data Used in the Category Plot for Tellurium Hexafluoride Source Species Sex No. of Exposures ppm Minutes Category Comments AEGL-2 0.0097 10 AEGL AEGL-2 0.0067 30 AEGL AEGL-2 0.0053 60 AEGL AEGL-2 0.0033 240 AEGL AEGL-2 0.0017 480 AEGL AEGL-3 0.029 10 AEGL AEGL-3 0.020 30 AEGL AEGL-3 0.016 60 AEGL AEGL-3 0.010 240 AEGL AEGL-3 0.0050 480 AEGL Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 1 240 2 Respiratory dysfunction, pulmonary edema Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 5 240 3 Death after 8 h Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 10 240 3 Death after 140 min Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 25 240 3 Death after 80 min Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 50 240 3 Death after 60 min Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 100 240 3 Death after 15 min Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 1 60 1 Hyperpnea Kimmerle 1960 Rabbit M 1 5 60 2 Severe damage to respiratory organs Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 1 240 2 Respiratory dysfunction, pulmonary edema Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 5 240 3 Death after 8 h Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 10 240 3 Death after 140 min (Continued)
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162 TABLE D-1 Continued Source Species Sex No. of Exposures ppm Minutes Category Comments Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 25 240 3 Death after 80 min Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 50 240 3 Death after 60 min Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 100 240 3 Death after 15 min Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 1 60 1 Hyperpnea Kimmerle 1960 Guinea pig M 1 5 60 2 Severe damage to respiratory organs Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 1 240 2 Respiratory dysfunction, pulmonary edema Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 5 240 3 Death after 8 h Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 10 240 3 Death after 140 min Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 25 240 3 Death after 80 min Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 50 240 3 Death after 60 min Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 100 240 3 Death after 15 min Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 1 60 1 Hyperpnea Kimmerle 1960 Rat M 1 5 60 2 Severe damage to respiratory organs Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 1 240 2 Respiratory dysfunction, pulmonary edema Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 5 240 3 Death after 8 h Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 10 240 3 Death after 140 min Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 25 240 3 Death after 80 min Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 50 240 3 Death after 60 min Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 100 240 3 Death abate 15 min Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 1 60 1 Hyperpnea Kimmerle 1960 Mouse M 1 5 60 3 Death between 24-36 h For category: 0 = no effect, 1 = discomfort, 2 = disabling, SL = some lethality, 3 = lethality.
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