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Pages 1-20

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From page 1...
... .1 In hospital settings, annual cardiac arrests incidence is approximately 200,000 (Merchant et al., 2011) .2 Of these, approximately 12,500 children experience cardiac arrest each year (Atkins et al., 2009; Morrison et al., 2013)
From page 2...
... . Within systems of care, continuous quality improvement initiatives based on existing guidelines have led to more proactive and responsive care models that fit local needs and resources, contributing to higher quality care and better outcomes.
From page 3...
... The resuscitation field currently lacks comprehensive data and reliable measurement tools related to incidence and effective treatments, leading to broad ranging estimates and unknowns. Moreover, dedicated funding and infrastructure for resuscitation research is substantially lacking compared to diseases that account for fewer annual deaths in the
From page 4...
... It also stifles the potential of resuscitation research to advance the field and improve patient outcomes. The resuscitation field is well positioned to capitalize on an existing and substantial knowledge base and to improve health outcomes from cardiac arrest over the next decade.
From page 5...
... Together, the foundation and pillars are part of an integral, comprehensive, system-level response that is necessary to revitalize the resuscitation field and improve population health and patient outcomes from cardiac arrest in the short and long term.
From page 6...
... The pu ublic also inc ludes individ duals who exp perience a cardiac arrest, frien nds and fam milies, and individuals in industr the workp ry, place, schools care facilit s, ties, and commmunity organ nizations EMS system include 911 call takers, dispatchers, f s. ms first respondeers, emergency medical technicians (EMTs)
From page 7...
... Improved patient outcomes are more likely when these actors collaborate and coordinate their activities to strengthen the field and kindle progress.
From page 8...
... Furthermore, increasing public awareness about disparities in care and opportunities to improve outcomes can lead to greater public engagement in education and training, larger advocacy networks, and stronger community leadership efforts related to cardiac arrest. Community Engagement The urgent nature of cardiac arrest and the risks of mortality and disability without immediate response imply a societal obligation of bystanders to be prepared and willing to deliver basic life support before the arrival of professional emergency responders.
From page 9...
... . Continuous Quality Improvement Programs Widespread adoption of continuous quality improvement programs throughout the field of resuscitation would encourage data collection across all sites of care, enable comparisons within and between EMS and health care systems, and lead to the identification of best practices to improve population health and patient outcomes following cardiac arrest.
From page 10...
... Communities that have demonstrated higher cardiac arrest survival rates and favorable neurologic outcomes typically have strong civic and health care system leaders, who establish accountability for these outcomes to their communities through increased public awareness efforts, widespread training in CPR and AED use, and sustained investment in outcome measurement, data reporting, and self-assessment. With appropriate leadership, effective treatments and strategies can be implemented in other communities to save thousands of more lives across the country each year.
From page 11...
... Specifically, CDC should • establish a cardiac arrest surveillance system for the nation that includes IHCA and OHCA data in pediatric and adult populations; • make data publicly available through appropriate mecha nisms to enable comparisons across data sets in order to increase public awareness about cardiac arrest incidence and treatments, improve accountability for emergency medical services system and health care system performance, and target interventions that will reduce disparities and improve patient outcomes; • identify and adopt standardized definitions, criteria, and metrics (such as age, gender, race and ethnicity, socioeco nomic status, and primary language) for cardiac arrest identi fication, treatment, and outcome assessment; and 5 Personal communication, J
From page 12...
... These enhancements would allow for more reliable and accurate data aggregation, enable benchmarking and continuous quality improvement initiatives, and reduce unnecessary confusion in an already complex field of study. EDUCATE AND TRAIN THE PUBLIC Although evidence indicates that bystander CPR and AED use can significantly improve survival and outcomes from cardiac arrest, rates of bystander training in CPR and AED use remain less than 3 percent annually in the United States (Anderson et al., 2014)
From page 13...
... should be encouraged to maintain easy-to locate and clearly marked AEDs, provide CPR and AED training to their employees, and specifically include cardiac arrest in formal emergency response plans; and • Local health departments should engage with community and neighborhood organizations and service providers to expand the types and locations of available CPR and AED training to populations over age 65 and caregivers for this population. IMPROVE DELIVERY OF HIGH-QUALITY RESUSCITATION AND POST-ARREST CARE Although it is possible to conduct broad assessments of the quality of care provided by EMS or hospital systems that are based on overall survival rates and positive neurologic and functional outcomes, it is more difficult to distinguish which specific care elements, or combination of elements, directly influence patient outcomes.
From page 14...
... Recommendation 5. Adopt Continuous Quality Improvement Programs Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
From page 15...
... New research findings and emerging discoveries related to pharmaceuticals, devices, and biosensors provide compelling promise for boosting survival and positive outcomes and for reshaping approaches to the cardiac arrest treatments and care delivery models. However, federal agency support for resuscitation research is less than diseases and conditions with similar incidence.
From page 16...
... Recommendation 8. Create a National Cardiac Arrest Collaborative The American Heart Association and the American Red Cross -- with the U.S.
From page 17...
... ; • develop action strategies related to health policy, research funding and translation, continuous quality improvement, and public awareness and training; • produce and update toolkits for different stakeholders (e.g., emergency medical services [EMS] systems, hospitals, local health departments, and local health care providers)
From page 18...
... 2014. Improved survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest and use of automated external defibrillators.
From page 19...
... 2013. Heart disease and stroke statistics -- 2013 update: A report from the American Heart Association.
From page 20...
... 2014. Public health burden of sudden cardiac death in the United States.


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