The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Appendix V: SI Engine Pathway NRC Estimates Direct Manufacturing Costs Alternative Pathway, Alternative High CR with Exhaust Scavenging, and Alternative EVAS Supercharger
Pages 426-433

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 426... ... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.6% 0.984 0.910 2.949 9.0% 33.9 $37 $34 $31 $23.13 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.889 2.882 11.1% 34.7 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.866 2.807 13.4% 35.6 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Improved Accessories - 1 1.2% 0.988 0.856 2.773 14.4% 36.1 $71 $69 $60 $59.17 IACC1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.845 2.737 15.5% 36.5 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.838 2.715 16.2% 36.8 $0 $0 $0 $0.00 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs) Read the entire page →
From page 427... ... TRBDS2 50% DS 24 bar BMEP 8 Speed Automatic 1.7% 0.983 0.645 2.091 35.5% 47.8 $56 $52 $47 $32.94 Transmissionc 8 SP AT Shift Optimizerc 0.7% 0.993 0.641 2.076 35.9% 48.2 $26 $24 $22 $37.14 SHFTOPT Improved Accessories - 2 2.4% 0.976 0.625 2.027 37.5% 49.3 $43 $40 $37 $17.92 IAAC2 Low Rolling Resistance Tires 2.0% 0.980 0.613 1.986 38.7% 50.4 $58 $46 $31 $29.00 ROLL2 Aero Drag Reduction - 2 2.5% 0.975 0.598 1.936 40.2% 51.6 $117 $110 $100 $46.80 AERO2 Mass Reduction - 5.0%- 4.6% 0.954 0.570 1.847 43.0% 54.1 $154 $151 $151 $33.48 10.0% MR10-MR5 (-175 lbs) Low Friction Lub - 2 & 1.3% 0.987 0.563 1.823 43.7% 54.8 $51 $51 $51 $39.23 Engine Friction Red - 2 LUB2_EFR2 2025 Target 54.2 mpg Continuously Variable Valve 1.0% 0.990 0.557 1.805 44.3% 55.4 $58 $55 $49 $58.00 Lift CVVL (vs. Read the entire page →
From page 428... ... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.3% 0.987 0.913 2.958 8.7% 33.8 $37 $34 $31 $28.46 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.892 2.890 10.8% 34.6 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.869 2.815 13.1% 35.5 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Improved Accessories - 1 1.2% 0.988 0.858 2.781 14.2% 36.0 $71 $67 $60 $59.17 IACC1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.847 2.745 15.3% 36.4 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.841 2.723 15.9% 36.7 $22 $22 $22 $27.50 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs) Read the entire page →
From page 429... ... Aero Drag Reduction - 2 2.5% 0.975 0.610 1.977 39.0% 50.6 $117 $110 $100 $46.80 AERO2 Mass Reduction - 5%-10% 4.6% 0.954 0.582 1.886 41.8% 53.0 $325 $322 $315 $70.65 MR10-MR5 (-175 lbs) Low Friction Lub - 2 & 1.3% 0.987 0.575 1.862 42.5% 53.7 $51 $51 $51 $39.23 Engine Friction Red - 2 LUB2_EFR2 Cooled EGR - 1 3.0% 0.970 0.557 1.806 44.3% 55.4 $212 $199 $180 $70.67 CEGR1 50% DS 24 bar BMEP 2025 Target 54.2 mpg High Efficiency Transmission 4.9% 0.951 0.530 1.717 47.0% 58.2 $314 $296 $267 $64.08 HEG1 & 2 Continuously Variable Valve 1.0% 0.990 0.525 1.700 47.5% 58.8 $67 $63 $56 $67.00 Lift CVVL (vs. Read the entire page →
From page 430... ... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.6% 0.984 0.910 2.949 9.0% 33.9 $37 $34 $31 $23.13 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.889 2.882 11.1% 34.7 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.866 2.807 13.4% 35.6 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.855 2.770 14.5% 36.1 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.848 2.748 15.2% 36.4 $0 $0 $0 $0.00 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs) Read the entire page →
From page 431... ... 1.4% 0.986 0.463 1.499 53.7% 66.7 $364 $343 $310 $260.00 CEGR2 56% DS 27 bar BMEP Totals Relative to Null Vehicle 53.7% 0.463 $3,307 $3,192 $3,025 $61.54 Null Vehicle - 2008 MY 5.0% 0.950 $68 $64 $58 $13.51 Vehicle 2008 MY Vehicle - 2016 MY 13.9% 0.861 $335 $318 $293 2017 MY- 2025 MY 30.8% 0.692 $1,634 $1,605 $1,566 $53.00 Beyond 2025 MY 18.2% 0.818 $1,270 $1,205 $1,108 $69.81 a Null vehicle: I4, DOHC, naturally aspirated, 4 valves/cylinder PFI fixed valve timing and 4 speed AT. b An example midsize car in 2008 was 46.64 sq ft and had a fuel economy of 32.5 mpg. Read the entire page →
From page 432... ... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.3% 0.987 0.913 2.958 8.7% 33.8 $37 $34 $31 $28.46 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.892 2.890 10.8% 34.6 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.869 2.815 13.1% 35.5 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.858 2.779 14.2% 36.0 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.851 2.756 14.9% 36.3 $22 $22 $22 $27.50 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs) Read the entire page →
From page 433... ... DVVL) Cylinder Deactivation 0.0% 1.000 0.479 1.553 52.1% 64.4 DEACD Cooled EGR - 2 1.4% 0.986 0.473 1.532 52.7% 65.3 $364 $343 $310 $260.00 CEGR2 56% DS 27 bar BMEP Totals Relative to Null Vehicle 52.7% 0.473 $3,697 $3,559 $3,376 $70.12 Null Vehicle - 2008 MY 5.0% 0.950 $78 $74 $67 $15.49 Vehicle 2008 MY Vehicle - 2016 MY 13.6% 0.864 $374 $356 $330 2017 MY- 2025 MY 32.0% 0.680 $1,912 $1,855 $1,800 $59.72 Beyond 2025 MY 15.2% 0.848 $1,333 $1,274 $1,179 $87.62 a Null vehicle: I4, DOHC, naturally aspirated, 4 valves/cylinder PFI fixed valve timing and 4 speed AT. Read the entire page →

From page 426...

... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.6% 0.984 0.910 2.949 9.0% 33.9 $37 $34 $31 $23.13 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.889 2.882 11.1% 34.7 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.866 2.807 13.4% 35.6 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Improved Accessories - 1 1.2% 0.988 0.856 2.773 14.4% 36.1 $71 $69 $60 $59.17 IACC1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.845 2.737 15.5% 36.5 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.838 2.715 16.2% 36.8 $0 $0 $0 $0.00 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs)

Read the entire page →

From page 427...

... TRBDS2 50% DS 24 bar BMEP 8 Speed Automatic 1.7% 0.983 0.645 2.091 35.5% 47.8 $56 $52 $47 $32.94 Transmissionc 8 SP AT Shift Optimizerc 0.7% 0.993 0.641 2.076 35.9% 48.2 $26 $24 $22 $37.14 SHFTOPT Improved Accessories - 2 2.4% 0.976 0.625 2.027 37.5% 49.3 $43 $40 $37 $17.92 IAAC2 Low Rolling Resistance Tires 2.0% 0.980 0.613 1.986 38.7% 50.4 $58 $46 $31 $29.00 ROLL2 Aero Drag Reduction - 2 2.5% 0.975 0.598 1.936 40.2% 51.6 $117 $110 $100 $46.80 AERO2 Mass Reduction - 5.0%- 4.6% 0.954 0.570 1.847 43.0% 54.1 $154 $151 $151 $33.48 10.0% MR10-MR5 (-175 lbs) Low Friction Lub - 2 & 1.3% 0.987 0.563 1.823 43.7% 54.8 $51 $51 $51 $39.23 Engine Friction Red - 2 LUB2_EFR2 2025 Target 54.2 mpg Continuously Variable Valve 1.0% 0.990 0.557 1.805 44.3% 55.4 $58 $55 $49 $58.00 Lift CVVL (vs.

Read the entire page →

From page 428...

... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.3% 0.987 0.913 2.958 8.7% 33.8 $37 $34 $31 $28.46 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.892 2.890 10.8% 34.6 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.869 2.815 13.1% 35.5 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Improved Accessories - 1 1.2% 0.988 0.858 2.781 14.2% 36.0 $71 $67 $60 $59.17 IACC1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.847 2.745 15.3% 36.4 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.841 2.723 15.9% 36.7 $22 $22 $22 $27.50 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs)

Read the entire page →

From page 429...

... Aero Drag Reduction - 2 2.5% 0.975 0.610 1.977 39.0% 50.6 $117 $110 $100 $46.80 AERO2 Mass Reduction - 5%-10% 4.6% 0.954 0.582 1.886 41.8% 53.0 $325 $322 $315 $70.65 MR10-MR5 (-175 lbs) Low Friction Lub - 2 & 1.3% 0.987 0.575 1.862 42.5% 53.7 $51 $51 $51 $39.23 Engine Friction Red - 2 LUB2_EFR2 Cooled EGR - 1 3.0% 0.970 0.557 1.806 44.3% 55.4 $212 $199 $180 $70.67 CEGR1 50% DS 24 bar BMEP 2025 Target 54.2 mpg High Efficiency Transmission 4.9% 0.951 0.530 1.717 47.0% 58.2 $314 $296 $267 $64.08 HEG1 & 2 Continuously Variable Valve 1.0% 0.990 0.525 1.700 47.5% 58.8 $67 $63 $56 $67.00 Lift CVVL (vs.

Read the entire page →

From page 430...

... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.6% 0.984 0.910 2.949 9.0% 33.9 $37 $34 $31 $23.13 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.889 2.882 11.1% 34.7 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.866 2.807 13.4% 35.6 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.855 2.770 14.5% 36.1 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.848 2.748 15.2% 36.4 $0 $0 $0 $0.00 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs)

Read the entire page →

From page 431...

... 1.4% 0.986 0.463 1.499 53.7% 66.7 $364 $343 $310 $260.00 CEGR2 56% DS 27 bar BMEP Totals Relative to Null Vehicle 53.7% 0.463 $3,307 $3,192 $3,025 $61.54 Null Vehicle - 2008 MY 5.0% 0.950 $68 $64 $58 $13.51 Vehicle 2008 MY Vehicle - 2016 MY 13.9% 0.861 $335 $318 $293 2017 MY- 2025 MY 30.8% 0.692 $1,634 $1,605 $1,566 $53.00 Beyond 2025 MY 18.2% 0.818 $1,270 $1,205 $1,108 $69.81 a Null vehicle: I4, DOHC, naturally aspirated, 4 valves/cylinder PFI fixed valve timing and 4 speed AT. b An example midsize car in 2008 was 46.64 sq ft and had a fuel economy of 32.5 mpg.

Read the entire page →

From page 432...

... ICP) 2008 Example Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance 1.9% 0.981 0.932 3.018 6.8% 33.1 $5 $5 $5 $2.63 Tires - 1 ROLL1 Low Friction Lubricants - 1 0.7% 0.993 0.925 2.997 7.5% 33.4 $3 $3 $3 $4.29 LUB1 6 Speed Automatic 1.3% 0.987 0.913 2.958 8.7% 33.8 $37 $34 $31 $28.46 Transmissionc 6 SP AT with Improved Internals IATC Aero Drag Reduction - 1 2.3% 0.977 0.892 2.890 10.8% 34.6 $39 $37 $33 $16.96 AERO1 Engine Friction Reduction - 1 2.6% 0.974 0.869 2.815 13.1% 35.5 $48 $48 $48 $18.46 EFR1 Electric Power Steering 1.3% 0.987 0.858 2.779 14.2% 36.0 $87 $82 $74 $66.92 EPS Mass Reduction - 2.5% 0.8% 0.992 0.851 2.756 14.9% 36.3 $22 $22 $22 $27.50 MR2.5 (-87.5 lbs)

Read the entire page →

From page 433...

... DVVL) Cylinder Deactivation 0.0% 1.000 0.479 1.553 52.1% 64.4 DEACD Cooled EGR - 2 1.4% 0.986 0.473 1.532 52.7% 65.3 $364 $343 $310 $260.00 CEGR2 56% DS 27 bar BMEP Totals Relative to Null Vehicle 52.7% 0.473 $3,697 $3,559 $3,376 $70.12 Null Vehicle - 2008 MY 5.0% 0.950 $78 $74 $67 $15.49 Vehicle 2008 MY Vehicle - 2016 MY 13.6% 0.864 $374 $356 $330 2017 MY- 2025 MY 32.0% 0.680 $1,912 $1,855 $1,800 $59.72 Beyond 2025 MY 15.2% 0.848 $1,333 $1,274 $1,179 $87.62 a Null vehicle: I4, DOHC, naturally aspirated, 4 valves/cylinder PFI fixed valve timing and 4 speed AT.

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

Next Chapter Skim →

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

Appendix V: SI Engine Pathway NRC Estimates Direct Manufacturing Costs Alternative Pathway, Alternative High CR with Exhaust Scavenging, and Alternative EVAS Supercharger Pages 426-433

Appendix V: SI Engine Pathway NRC Estimates Direct Manufacturing Costs Alternative Pathway, Alternative High CR with Exhaust Scavenging, and Alternative EVAS Supercharger
Pages 426-433