Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries Workshop Summary (2016) / Chapter Skim
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4 Responding to Work-Related Health Needs of Informal Sector Workers
4 Responding to Work-Related Health Needs of Informal Sector Workers
Pages 53-62
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From page 53... ...
discussed efforts by the WHO and its partners to enhance the abilities of primary care organizations to address work-related health needs. Primary care is the most widely available option that informal sector workers have for accessing health services, and thus enhancing capacities within primary care is one way to effectively reach that population.
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From page 54... ...
Even before these recent commitments to workers' health, Ivanov said, occupational health was seen as a human right for everyone, not only for formal sector workers, as set forth in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. vanov stated that globally the provision of employment I injury benefits is greatly unequal and, overall, quite low.
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From page 55... ...
The WHO currently is working with countries to scale up primary care–based interventions for the informal sector workforce. In 2011, the WHO held a meeting between occupational health providers, primary health care providers, and general practitioners to discuss the connections between health and labor at the primary care level within the health system.
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From page 56... ...
Based on the results of the studies, Ivanov said, the WHO is encouraged that the delivery of certain interventions for improving the health of workers and keeping them on the job through primary care is possible, and the WHO is working toward scaling up effective models. The WHO is working to enable the primary care sector to address workers' health by working with ministries of health to include work-related tasks and activities in the terms of reference of the primary care providers so that they can establish referral pathways to occupational health services.
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From page 57... ...
Detection and case management of occupational and work-related ill health • Taking work history Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes • Clinical examination Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N • otification of suspected cases of occupational diseases Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes C • ounseling to patients for work modification Yes Yes Yes Yes C • ontact/visit to patient's workplace Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes • Provision of medicines for treatment Yes Yes P • rovision of personal protective equipment for sick workers Yes 3. Fitness for work and health surveillance A • ssessment of functional capacity Yes Yes P • eriodic preventive medical examination Yes Yes Yes R • eturn to work counseling Yes S • creening of high-risk workers Yes Yes NOTE: COL = Colombia; IRA = Iran; ITA = Italy; PHL = Philippines; THA = Thailand; ZAF = South Africa.
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From page 58... ...
Ivanov said that the next steps for the WHO in the area of primary care–based interventions for informal sector workers will be developing • definitions of essential interventions, target population, and chan nels and competencies for delivery; • methodology for measuring workers' health coverage; • software for costing and planning scale-up scenarios (Interna tional OneHealth Costing Tool) ; • standard modules for training of primary care providers; • practical tools for delivery of interventions in low-resourced settings; • support to countries to develop national road maps for scaling up workers' health coverage; and • special action on the health of the informal sector workforce -- social determinants, occupational health, and health financing.
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From page 59... ...
A strategy on workers' health promotion in workplaces of Latin America and the Caribbean was launched in 2000. Campaigns to strengthen comprehensive health services delivery and capacity building in Members States through primary health care was also done.
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From page 60... ...
Rodriguez-Guzman also pointed to several other hidden populations within the informal sector, including rural agricultural workers, immigrants and forced laborers. In addressing the health and safety needs of informal sector workers in Latin America, Rodriguez-Guzman said, there are a number of challenges including defining, quantifying, and characterizing categories; the diversity of characteristics in and within countries, which makes it difficult to implement general interventions; and the payments or copayments for social benefits are out of reach because of extreme poverty.
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From page 61... ...
TABLE 4-2 ILO OSH Programs Applying PAOT Program Target WISE: Work Improvement in Small Enterprises Small enterprises WIND: Work Improvement in Neighborhood Small-scale farmers Development WISH: Work Improvement in Safe Home Home-based workers WISCON: Work Improvement in Small Small construction site workers Construction Sites WARM: Work Adjustment for Recycling and Waste recycling workers Managing Waste SOURCES: Yuka Ujita presentation to workshop, July 30, 2014; data from Khai et al., 2011.
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From page 62... ...
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was passed in 2010, provides a special fund over the first 5 years to support the expansion of these clinical centers and their services to increase the number of patients served by this population. Howard said that NIOSH is assisting these centers by helping provide preventive health services, but in the crush of providing rescue medicine, it is often very difficult to add preventive occupational health services despite a recognition of their value.
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