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2 Intimate Partner Violence in East Africa
2 Intimate Partner Violence in East Africa
Pages 7-18
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From page 7... ...
MAGNITUDE OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN THE REGION Setting the stage for the workshop's subsequent discussions regarding public health and policy interventions in the region, Jessie Mbwambo, a senior medical specialist, psychiatrist, and senior researcher at Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania, discussed the magnitude of IPV in the region during 7
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From page 8... ...
The WHO Multi-country Study revealed that women in the provincial site of Mbeya reported higher levels of IPV across all three categories of violence than their counterparts in Dar es Salaam. In Dar es Salaam, 33 percent of women reported experiencing physical violence; 23 percent reported sexual violence; and 41 percent reported experiencing both.
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From page 9... ...
Mbwambo shared the most recently collected prevalence data regarding IPV from each country's DHS. Each DHS asked partnered women to identify if they had ever experienced physical, sexual, or physical and sexual violence within the confines of a partnered relationship.
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From page 10... ...
These proxies include controlling behaviors like a male partner wanting to know where his female partner was at all times; a partner accusing the woman of being unfaithful; the female partner not being permitting to meet with her female friends; not being allowed to make personal or financial decisions; not being permitted to visit with natal relatives; and threats of violence made toward individuals the female partner loves. These controlling behaviors indicate emotional abuse, and Mbwambo explained that, perhaps unsurprisingly, women who identify as experiencing these symptoms also report much higher prevalence rates of other forms of IPV than women who do not identify as experiencing them.
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From page 11... ...
In addition to a lack of financial security and safe exit strategies, Mbwambo explained that women often find a lack of support from natal relatives due to familial experiences with and tolerance of IPV. Furthermore, in many areas of East Africa, patriarchy dictates that children belong to the father's family, meaning that if a woman leaves her husband or seeks redress for cases of IPV, she might face losing her children.
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From page 12... ...
alike to consider the benefits of performing economic analyses of their efforts. Many speakers throughout the program emphasized the importance of this approach, stating that those working in government face many competing interests when planning national budgets; often times it is a simple cost analysis that determines national priorities.
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From page 13... ...
Additionally 16 percent of women reported experiencing physical violence during pregnancy (Uganda Bureau of Statistics and ICF Macro, 2012)
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From page 14... ...
This culture of acceptance that Mbwambo and many other speakers touched upon was a strong undercurrent throughout the workshop when it came to exploring why IPV and violence against women exist throughout the region. Pasti did credit the Ugandan government for the creation of multiple laws designed to prevent violence against women and protect children from the negative effects of violence, however, as many other speakers noted, the laws themselves either lack the necessary funding to realize their potential, or their enforcement is weak.
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From page 15... ...
Despite the planning committee's difficulty in identifying regional experts in the fields of IPV amongst aging and adolescent populations, individual workshop participants engaged in a robust discussion that highlighted several small-scale studies from the region focusing on the prevalence of IPV within these age groups, as well as many of the challenges faced by researchers working in this field along with possible solutions to overcome those challenges. In fact, the very first attendee to speak, Janet Seevy of the Medical Research Council at the London School, mentioned the research that her team was performing related to HIV in aging populations.
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From page 16... ...
Building on Mywanga's statements, Anique Givas of the South African Medical Research Council and Sexual Violence Research Initiative explained that their work in South Africa regarding IPV in adolescents has produced a similar fear or worry in adults, parents, and teachers regarding young people and relationships. Givas explained that, in her experience, the anxiety stems more from reproductive health issues, such as unwanted pregnancy, as opposed to potential violence within a relationship.
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From page 17... ...
In her presentation regarding her organization's IPV intervention efforts, speaker Lina Digolo, the Care and Treatment Manager at LVCT Health, stated that evidence shows that women who experience IPV were far more likely to have experienced sexual violence at a young age than those women who do not experience IPV. This statistic points to the reality that violence and IPV exist across the lifespan and can greatly affect how a woman's experience with violence rises and falls across her lifetime.
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