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Part II: Clinical Characteristics of Selected Mental Disorders
Pages 125-134

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From page 125...
... Rather, the discussion of the clinical characteristics of selected mental disorders in the following chapters is tailored to address the objectives of the committee's charge, which was to provide information on factors, such as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, which influence trends in the numbers of children who qualify for SSI disability benefits. This introduction provides background information relevant for interpretation of the chapters included in Part II of this report.
From page 126...
... These include family recognition of the problem, concern about stigma, limited access to mental health services, costs associated with obtaining a diagnosis, and variations in diagnostic standards. RISK FACTORS FOR MENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN Risks and correlates for mental disorders may be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both.
From page 127...
... How the subsequent evolution of diagnostic criteria affected SSI determinations is unknown. In interpreting the available data concerning children with mental health problems, it is important to understand the uses and limitations of a "primary diagnosis." Diagnostic labels vary depending on their intended use (e.g., clinical, research, or public health)
From page 128...
... . Having a disability increases the risk of mental health problems; and having a mental health disorder increases the risk of having health problems and that a health problem will be disabling (Honey et al., 2010)
From page 129...
... Thus, it is important to note, diagnosis is a necessary but not a sufficient step in improving children's mental health outcomes. TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN The response to treatment is also highly variable for many of the mental disorders.
From page 130...
... Consequently, even if a child is diagnosed accurately and his or her family is able to overcome the many barriers to accessing services, the likelihood that he or she will receive an effective and evidence-based service is low. One study summarized this situation as a "20/20/2" problem: About 20 percent of children and adolescents will have a mental disorder during their lifetime; of those only 20 percent will be able to receive mental health care; and of those only 2 percent will receive an evidence-based service (HHS, 1999; New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003; U.S.
From page 131...
... More than half of the children with psychiatric disorders identified in epidemiologic studies have received no specialty mental health care (Burns et al., 1995, 1997; Merikangas et al., 2010, 2011)
From page 132...
... Rockville, MD: HHS, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health. Honey, A., E
From page 133...
... 2003. Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America. Final report.


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