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7 Clinical Characteristics of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
Pages 149-156

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From page 149...
... Some nomenclatures have added a new condition labeled "disruptive mood dysregulation disorder" as well, although almost no formal epidemiological data exist on this recent addition. Formally, behaviors and associated consequences that "violate the rights of others and/or that bring the individual into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures" qualify children or adolescents for the diagnosis of DBD (APA, 2013, p.
From page 150...
... . The latest guidelines for assessing ODD/CD in children were issued in 2007 and 1997, for ODD and CD, respectively, by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Steiner et al., 1997, 2007)
From page 151...
... are usually not indicated unless specific history or examination findings suggest the need. However, preventive screening for HIV, depression, and substance abuse are all indicated when age appropriate.
From page 152...
... . Low parental educational attainment and low household income are independently associated with higher rates, and these demographic characteristics are thought to influence prevalence through disciplinary practices, scarcity, food insecurity, and their influence on access to peer support (CDC, 2013)
From page 153...
... In general, psychosocial interventions are the most widely studied in the United States and elsewhere, have the largest effects documented, and are even more effective when both child and parent are the targets of interventions.
From page 154...
... For the former, the three primary interventions studied were Incredible Years, Parent Child Interaction Therapy, and the Positive Parenting Program. Each of these interventions was associated with moderate to large effect sizes, with more intensive participation yielding greater improvements in parent–child relationships, decreased parental distress, improved classroom behavior, reduced frequency of anger and outbursts, and reductions in overall behavior symptom scores (Dretzke et al., 2005; Fossum et al., 2008)
From page 155...
... 2013. Higher risk of developing mood disorders among adolescents with co morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder: A nationwide prospective study.
From page 156...
... Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 46(1)


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