Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children (2015) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 21-30
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total recipients of Social Security and SSI payments in the United States (SSA, 2013)
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Additional related press attention included an editorial article by Nicholas Kristoff in the New York Times2 in December 2012, and an investigative piece by Chana Joffe-Walt for NPR3 in March 2013. These articles suggested that the growth of the disability benefit program, and in particular growth in the SSI program for children with mental disorders, may not be helpful to recipients and their families, and may be the result of incentives that are not related to increases in the true prevalence of disability in children.
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. In the report, the GAO suggested that several factors may contribute to changes observed in the size of the SSI program for children, including • Fewer children leaving the disability program prior to age 18; • Increased numbers of children living in poverty in the United States; • Increased awareness and improved diagnosis of certain mental impairments; • A focus on identifying children with disabilities through public school special education services; and • Increased health care insurance coverage of previously uninsured children.
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b In the context of current trends in child health and development, and in pediatric and adolescent medicine. c Including disorders such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, autism and other developmental disorders, intellectual disability, learning disorders, and mood and conduct disorders.
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Therefore, SSA asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review the national prevalence rates and trends of mental disorders in individuals under the age of 18, how those rates compare to the trends observed in the SSI program, what factors might be related to any changes and differences, and the characteristics of mental disorders in children in the United States, including how childhood and adolescent mental disorders are treated.
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From page 26... ...
Although claims for "speech and language impairment" constitute a significant proportion (21.3 percent) of the disability observed in the SSI program for children with primary mental disorders, this diagnostic category has been specifically excluded from review in this report at the direction of the SSA (unpublished data set provided by the SSA)
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Substance dependence disorders cannot be allowed as a primary impairment by law. 6 Unpublished data set provided by the SSA.
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Once they reach age 18, SSI recipients must be reevaluated to see if they qualify to receive SSI disability benefits as an adult. Exclusion of In-Depth Analysis of State-to-State Variation in the SSI Program The adjudication of applications for SSI benefits is managed at the state level.
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The committee met in person six times; three of those meetings included public workshops intended to provide the committee with input from a broad range of experts and stakeholders, including experts in childhood disability and public benefit policy, examiners and executives from the SSA Disability Determination Services, and childhood disability and mental disorder advocacy organizations. In addition, the committee conducted a review of the literature in order to identify the most current research on the etiology, epidemiology, and treatment of pediatric mental disorders.
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. Part III of the report focuses on the trends in prevalence of the six selected mental disorders in the general population, in Medicaid, and in the SSI program for children; ADHD (Chapter 12)
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