Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children (2015) / Chapter Skim
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13 Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
13 Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
Pages 227-240
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From page 227... ...
Of the selected mental disorders for all years between 2004 and 2013, approximately 5 percent of the allowances were for either ODD or CD. The DBDs were the basis for 4.8 percent of all child SSI recipients in 2013, up from 4.9 percent in 2004.
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From page 228... ...
, and the type of data and quality of data that are collected about SSI allowances, it is not possible to evaluate the amount and severity of disability caused by ODD or CD as a secondary disorder within the SSI program. Nevertheless, an understanding of the prevalence of ODD and CD will be important for the SSI disability benefit program for children because of the relationship between DBDs and other mental disorders in children (in particular ADHD and depression)
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From page 229... ...
An ideal source that would allow evaluation of trends over time might be generated by large-scale, nationally representative, population-based epidemiologic studies conducted periodically, and using validated and comparable methods and diagnostic criteria over time. No such data source exists.
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From page 230... ...
Since that time, arrest rates have actually declined for many crimes. In an effort to respond to studies postulating longitudinal increases in the prevalence of these conditions and other mental disorders, de Graaf and a team in the Netherlands looked at trends over time in the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
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From page 231... ...
Figure 13-1 TABLE 13-2 SSI Child Initial Allowances and Recipient Numbers for ODD 1 2 3 4 5 % of Children % of Children Under Under 200% # of # of 200% FPL FPL Who Are # of Child Child SSI Children Allowed SSI Recipients of Allowances Recipients Under Benefits for SSI Benefits for Year for ODD for ODD 200% FPL ODD ODD 2004 2,913 12,976 28,753,000 0.010% 0.045% 2005 2,807 14,158 28,539,000 0.010% 0.050% 2006 2,653 14,967 28,757,000 0.009% 0.052% 2007 2,590 15,501 28,999,000 0.009% 0.053% 2008 2,628 15,919 30,064,000 0.009% 0.053% 2009 2,860 16,570 31,505,000 0.009% 0.053% 2010 2,950 17,293 32,254,000 0.009% 0.054% 2011 3,252 18,281 32,678,000 0.010% 0.056% 2012 3,281 19,588 32,269,000 0.010% 0.061% 2013 3,072 20,259 31,364,000 0.010% 0.065% NOTE: The Current Population Survey table creator was used to generate numbers of children below 200 percent of the federal poverty level. Parameters used to generate the numbers include get count of: persons in poverty universe (everyone except unrelated individuals under 15)
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From page 232... ...
Figure 13-2 plots the percentages from columns 4 and 5 of Table 13-3 along with the 10-year average of the percentage of allowances and recipients for CD as a visual reference point. Over the 10-year period from 2004 to 2013, the rate of the child SSI CD recipients increased by 23 percent, from 0.029 to 0.035 percent, while the rate of the child SSI CD allowances decreased slightly, by 34 percent, from 0.007 in 2004 to 0.005 in 2013.
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From page 233... ...
Medicaid Tables 13-4 and 13-5 show the percentage of children who were diagnosed with ODD and CD, respectively, in two different groups of Medicaid enrollees for each year from 2001 to 2010. For both tables, column 1 shows the percentage of ODD or CD diagnoses, respectively, among all Medicaid enrollees4 for each year, while column 2 shows the percentage of either ODD or CD diagnoses among the smaller subpopulation of Medicaid enrollees who were eligible to be enrolled in Medicaid on the basis of receiving SSI benefits.5 As shown in Figure 13-3, the rate of ODD diagnoses among all child Medicaid enrollees and among child SSI-eligible Medicaid enrollees both increased between 2001 and 2010.
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From page 234... ...
while the rate of ODD diagnoses among the SSI-eligible subpopulation of Medicaid enrollees increased by 63 percent, from 2.7 to 4.5 percent. As shown in Figure 13-4, the rate of CD diagnoses among all child Medicaid enrollees and among child SSI-eligible Medicaid enrollees both increased between 2001 and 2010.
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From page 235... ...
PREVALENCE OF ODD AND CD 235 TABLE 13-4 Percentage of Child Medicaid Enrollees and SSI Medicaid Enrollees Diagnosed with ODD 1 2 % of All Child Medicaid Enrollees % of Child SSI Medicaid Enrollee Year with ODD Diagnosis Subpopulation with ODD Diagnosis 2001 0.8% 2.7% 2002 0.9% 2.9% 2003 0.9% 3.0% 2004 0.9% 3.0% 2005 1.1% 3.5% 2006 1.2% 3.7% 2007 1.4% 4.0% 2008 1.4% 4.2% 2009 1.5% 4.6% 2010 1.4% 4.5% SOURCE: MAX data. TABLE 13-5 Percentage of Child Medicaid Enrollees and SSI Medicaid Enrollees Diagnosed with CD 1 2 % of All Child Medicaid Enrollees % of Child SSI Medicaid Enrollee Year with CD Diagnosis Subpopulation with CD Diagnosis 2001 1.1% 3.5% 2002 1.1% 3.7% 2003 1.1% 3.8% 2004 1.2% 4.0% 2005 1.2% 4.0% 2006 1.2% 3.9% 2007 1.3% 3.9% 2008 1.3% 4.2% 2009 1.4% 4.7% 2010 1.4% 4.6% SOURCE: MAX data.
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From page 236... ...
FIGURE 13-4 Percentage of child Medicaid enrollees and SSI Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with CD. SOURCE: MAX data.
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From page 237... ...
The reported growth rate is not the result of more inclusive SSI allowance rates, which actually decreased during the analysis period. Given that the reported median duration of benefits is approximately 6 years, low rates of terminations from the SSI program during childhood might explain the expanding recipient population.
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From page 238... ...
Parameters used to generate the numbers include get count of: persons in poverty universe (everyone except unrelated individuals under 15) ; years: 2004 to 2013; Census 2010 weights; row variable: age; column variable: income-to-poverty ratio; and customized formatting: income-to-poverty ratio percent cutoff of 200 percent.
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From page 239... ...
CONCLUSION • Based on rough approximations of the prevalence of moderate to severe behavioral and conduct problems among children in house holds below 200 percent FPL, in 2011 and 2012 only an estimated 4 percent of children who were potentially eligible for SSI benefits on the basis of ODD/CD disorders were actually recipients. REFERENCES Canino, G., G
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From page 240... ...
2007. Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
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