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15 Prevalence of Intellectual Disabilities
Pages 267-280

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From page 267...
... program as well as trends in ID prevalence among children enrolled in Medicaid. ESTIMATES OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY PREVALENCE AND PREVALENCE TRENDS FROM THE GENERAL POPULATION Prevalence of Intellectual Disabilities Estimates of the prevalence of ID among children in the United States based on epidemiologic studies range widely, from 8.7 to 36.8 per 1,000 (Boyle and Lary, 1996; Camp et al., 1998)
From page 268...
... The sum of mild and severe ID prevalence may be less than the overall ID prevalence due to some cases of undetermined severity. SOURCES: Bhasin et al., 2006; Boyle and Lary, 1996; Camp et al., 1998; Van Naarden Braun et al., 2015.
From page 269...
... . Prevalence Trends for Intellectual Disabilities It is important to acknowledge that there are no perfect sources of data for evaluating trends in the prevalence of ID in the United States.
From page 270...
... The MADDSP data are, however, not nationally representative and they rely exclusively IQ scores recorded in the records of health care providers or schools, without incorporating information on adaptive behavior. In contrast, the national survey data have the advantage of being based on national probability samples, but the disadvantages of relying on parental reports rather than diagnostic assessments, and of response rates less than 100 percent.
From page 271...
... The decreasing numbers of ID allowances and recipients is unique; decreasing trends of similar magnitude are not observed for any of the other selected mental disorders. Table 15-4 presents the SSI administrative data on ID in children.
From page 272...
... The rate of child ID allowances among children in households less than 200 percent FPL decreased between 2004 and 2013 by approximately 56 percent, from 0.09 to 0.04 percent.
From page 273...
... Column 1 shows the percentage of ID diagnoses among all Medicaid enrollees2 for each year. Column 2 shows the percentage of ID diagnoses among the smaller subpopulation of Medicaid enrollees who were eligible to be enrolled in Medicaid on the basis receiving SSI benefits.3 2  Refer to Appendix F for Rutgers methods section.
From page 274...
... For the years in which the Medicaid data and the SSI administrative data overlapped, 2004–2010, there was no change in the rate of ID diagnoses among all Medicaid enrolled children, the rate of ID diagnoses among SSI eligible Medicaid enrolled children increased 3.23 percent, and the prevalence of SSI recipients for ID among children in households below 200 percent FPL decreased by 41 percent. A clear decreasing trend is observed in the SSI program, while no clear decreasing trend is observed in the Medicaid population.
From page 275...
... A possible explanation for the differences in the observed trends is that the data based on SSI allowances and recipients, special education, and epidemiologic surveillance are secondary uses of diagnostic categories that are required for benefit and service eligibility, while the Medicaid and population survey data are based, respectively, on the use of clinical or treatment services and on parent reports. As discussed in Chapter 14, diagnostic substitution may contribute to the decrease in ID observed in the SSI program and in special education service use data.
From page 276...
... CONCLUSION • Rough estimates of the number of children in low-income house holds with moderate to severe ID suggests that less than 60 percent of children who are likely eligible for SSI benefits due to ID are recipients of SSI benefits for ID. 4  The Current Population Survey table creator was used to generate numbers of children below 200 percent of the federal poverty level.
From page 277...
... Parameters used to generate the numbers include get count of: persons in poverty universe (everyone except unrelated individuals under 15) ; years: 2004 to 2013; Census 2010 weights; row variable: age; column variable: income-to-poverty ratio; and customized formatting: income-to-poverty ratio percent cutoff of 200 percent.
From page 278...
... : Table 1 Intercensal estimates of the resident population by sex and age for the United States: April 1, 2000, to July 1, 2010. www.census.gov/popest/data/intercensal/national/nat2010.html (accessed July 28, 2015)
From page 279...
... 2015. Trends in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, intellectual disability, and vision impairment, met ropolitan Atlanta, 1991–2010.


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