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17 Prevalence of Mood Disorders
Pages 295-310

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From page 295...
... The medical criteria listed within the mood disorder listing include criteria for major depressive syndrome, manic syndrome, and bipolar or cyclothymic syndrome; however, as previously explained, current diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, treat depression and bipolar as separate categories. This chapter includes separate reviews of estimates of the prevalence of pediatric depression and of pediatric bipolar disorder in the United States.
From page 296...
... The prevalence estimates from various individual epidemiologic studies ranged from 0.3 to 18 percent of children, and the predominant variation in these estimates was by the period of time examined (e.g., 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and lifetime) and by the instrument used to detect depression (Angold et al., 2012)
From page 297...
... ESTIMATES OF BIPOLAR DISORDER PREVALENCE AND PREVALENCE TRENDS FROM THE GENERAL POPULATION Although there is a general consensus that pediatric bipolar disorder is an uncommon and serious mental illness, it is sufficiently rare to go unmeasured in most epidemiologic surveys. The 12-month prevalence for bipolar disorder I or II among adolescents, as reported in the NCS-A, was 2.1 percent, and the 30-day prevalence 0.7 percent (Kessler et al., 2012)
From page 298...
... NSDUH 2010– Child report 8.1% 12–17 (Perou et 2011 Major depressive episode during al., 2013) past 12 months NOTE: PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9.
From page 299...
... Using hospital discharge data from the English National Health Service Hospital Episode Statistics data set and the U.S. National Hospital Discharge Survey from 2000 to 2010, James and colleagues found a 72.1-fold difference in discharge rates for pediatric bipolar disorder between the United States and England (James et al., 2014)
From page 300...
... Column 1 shows the number of child allowances made on the basis of mood disorders at the initial level for each year. Column 2 shows the number of child recipients who received SSI benefits on the basis of TABLE 17-2  SSI Child Initial Allowances and Recipient Numbers for Mood Disorders 1 2 3 4 5 % of Children % of Children Under 200% Under 200% FPL Who Are # of Child SSI # of Child # of Children FPL Allowed Recipients of Allowances SSI Recipients in Households SSI Benefits SSI Benefits for Mood for Mood Under 200% for Mood for Mood Year Disorders Disorders FPL Disorders Disorders 2004 9,760 32,078 28,753,000 0.034% 0.11% 2005 9,835 35,184 28,539,000 0.034% 0.12% 2006 9,084 37,112 28,757,000 0.032% 0.13% 2007 8,907 38,280 28,999,000 0.031% 0.13% 2008 9,199 39,164 30,064,000 0.031% 0.13% 2009 9,869 40,444 31,505,000 0.031% 0.13% 2010 10,588 41,932 32,254,000 0.033% 0.13% 2011 10,339 42,936 32,678,000 0.032% 0.13% 2012 9,331 43,508 32,269,000 0.029% 0.13% 2013 8,400 42,826 31,364,000 0.027% 0.14% NOTE: The Current Population Survey table creator was used to generate numbers of children below 200 percent of the federal poverty level.
From page 301...
... Parameters used to generate the numbers include get count of: persons in poverty universe (everyone except unrelated individuals under 15) ; years: 2004 to 2013; Census 2010 weights; row variable: age; column variable: income-to-poverty ratio; and customized formatting: income-to-poverty ratio percent cutoff of 200 percent.
From page 302...
... Overall, during this time period the proportion of children receiving Medicaid-funded services for depression among all child Medicaid beneficiaries was roughly one-half the proportion of children who received care TABLE 17-3  Percentage of Child Medicaid Enrollees and SSI Medicaid Enrollees Diagnosed with Depression 1 2 % of Child SSI Medicaid Enrollee % of All Child Medicaid Enrollees Subpopulation with a Depression Year with a Depression Diagnosis Diagnosis 2001 1.70% 4.00% 2002 1.70% 4.30% 2003 1.90% 4.50% 2004 2.00% 4.60% 2005 1.90% 4.50% 2006 1.90% 4.40% 2007 2.00% 4.40% 2008 2.10% 4.80% 2009 2.20% 5.40% 2010 2.20% 5.50% SOURCE: MAX data.
From page 303...
... Overall, the annual proportion of children receiving Medicaid-funded services for bipolar disorder among all child Medicaid beneficiaries was roughly 20 percent of the proportion of children who received care for depression among children eligible for Medicaid through SSI. In addition, the proportion of children with a bipolar diagnosis among these two increased between 2001 and 2009, although it plateaued for the entire Medicaid population from 2006 to 2010 and decreased in 2010 for the Medicaid SSI subgroup.
From page 304...
... 304 MENTAL DISORDERS AND DISABILITIES TABLE 17-4  Percentage of Child Medicaid Enrollees and SSI Medicaid Enrollees Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder 1 2 % of Child SSI Medicaid Enrollee % of All Child Medicaid Enrollees Subpopulation with a Bipolar Year with a Bipolar Diagnosis Diagnosis 2001 0.3% 1.4% 2002 0.3% 1.7% 2003 0.4% 1.9% 2004 0.5% 2.3% 2005 0.5% 2.4% 2006 0.6% 2.5% 2007 0.6% 2.7% 2008 0.6% 2.8% 2009 0.6% 3.0% 2010 0.6% 2.8% SOURCE: MAX data. FIGURE 17-4  Percentage of child Medicaid enrollees and SSI Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
From page 305...
... Diagnoses in the Medicaid data are based on billing, whereas SSI disability data are based upon the evaluator's determination following SSA disability guidelines and agency final decisions related to receipt. DISCUSSION The task order directed the committee to compare trends observed in the SSI disability program for children with mental disorders with trends in the prevalence of mental disorders among children in the general population.
From page 306...
... Within this 10-year period, a small increase was observed in the proportion of the child SSI recipients for mood disorders, while a slight decrease was observed in allowances. From 2001 to 2010 a slight increase was observed in the proportion of children receiving care for depression and bipolar disorder among all children enrolled in Medicaid, which was similar to that among children eligible for Medicaid through SSI.
From page 307...
... Parameters used to generate the numbers include get count of: persons in poverty universe (everyone except unrelated individuals under 15) ; years: 2004 to 2013; Census 2010 weights; row variable: age; column variable: income-to-poverty ratio; and customized formatting: income-to-poverty ratio percent cutoff of 200 percent.
From page 308...
... The trends in the prevalence of pediatric bipolar disorder remain unknown. • From 2004 to 2013 the allowance rates for SSI benefits for mood disorders decreased, while the percentage of children in low-income households who were recipients of SSI benefits for mood disorders increased modestly.
From page 309...
... 2014. A com parison of American and English hospital discharge rates for pediatric bipolar disorder, 2000 to 2010.
From page 310...
... 310 MENTAL DISORDERS AND DISABILITIES Youngstrom, E


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