Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: The Listing of Impairments - Overview
Appendix C: The Listing of Impairments - Overview
Pages 375-388
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From page 375... ...
In addition to efficiency, the Listings are intended to ensure that there is a medical basis for the disability and that all applicants receive equal treatment. As noted by SSA in a more recent regulatory notice from November 2001, Revised Medical Criteria for Determination of Disability, Musculoskeletal System and Related Criteria (66 FR 58010)
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From page 376... ...
. The Listings help to ensure that determinations and decisions regarding disability have a sound medical basis, that claimants receive equal treatment through the use of specific criteria, and that people who are disabled can be readily identified and awarded benefits if all other fac tors of entitlement or eligibility are met.
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From page 377... ...
The disability benefit covered permanent, temporary, total, and partial disabilities. The disability evaluation policies and procedures included a list of conditions that automatically qualified an individual for permanent total disability benefits: Under CWB, an applicant was presumptively entitled to permanent total disability benefits if he/she suffered any of the following conditions: 1.
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From page 378... ...
If she is not working at substantial gainful activity (step 1) and has an impair ment that significantly limits her ability to perform basic work activities (step 2)
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From page 379... ...
: • musculoskeletal • organs of special sense • the nose and throat • scars and disfigurements • neuropsychiatric disabilities • dental and oral disabilities Although the full extent to which these CWB provisions served as a model for later disability evaluation procedures is unclear, there is an obvious similarity between the CWB approach and the process that eventually became know as the Listings. Later, as SSA staff worked on procedures to process large numbers of disability applications throughout the late 1940s, they fixed on a process that involved classifying applicants into eight groups according to disability severity.
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From page 380... ...
The gross numbers, coupled with the operational complexities that arise when 48 States par ticipate in the adjudicative process, demand a method which would assure reasonable uniformity in adjudication and which lends itself to a mass process. The proposed Guide lists impairments under medical diagnostic headings with a degree of severity for each that, if met, would allow a find ing that an individual not actually working is unable to work.
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From page 381... ...
. This focus on "objective" clinical criteria reflected some of the same concerns that framed the debate during the 1940s about establishing a disability program in the first place, and it compelled adoption of a definition of disability that relied heavily on objective medical evidence.
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From page 382... ...
As SSA noted in a November 2001 final regulation, Revised Medical Criteria for Determination of Disability, Musculoskeletal System and Related Criteria (responding to a public comment that claimed that SSA's proposed listing criteria were inconsistent with the Social Security Act, in 66 FR 58027) : The [Social Security]
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From page 383... ...
. Despite the fact that the widows/widowers disability standard was later revised to equal the degree of severity required for disability insurance benefits (in the 1990 Amendments to the Social Security Act, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 [P.L.
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From page 384... ...
. One of the competing priorities in the mid-1990s was the agency's effort to fundamentally redesign the disability decision-making process through business process reengineering -- an initiative that became known as "disability redesign." One component of the disability redesign was a project to develop a new approach to making disability decisions to replace the existing sequential evaluation process (SSA, 1994)
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From page 385... ...
• Revised Medical Criteria for Evaluating Hematological Disorders and Malignant Neoplastic Diseases (69 FR 67017, November 15, 2004) • Revised Medical Criteria for Evaluating Genitourinary Impairments (70 FR 38582, July 5, 2005)
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From page 386... ...
• New Medical Criteria for Evaluating Language and Speech Disorders (70 FR 19351, April 13, 2005) • Revised Medical Criteria for Evaluating Endocrine Disorders (70 FR 46792, August 11, 2005)
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From page 387... ...
1974. Committee staff report on the Disability Insurance Program.
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