Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership Third Report (2015) / Chapter Skim
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4 Hybrid Vehicles
4 Hybrid Vehicles
Pages 64-84
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From page 64... ...
for a variety of purposes that include the powering of Hybrid propulsion systems for MHDVs exhibit both simi tools and lifts in vocational trucks or the powering of larities and differences when compared to the more mature electric generators in long-haul Class 8 trucks in order versions of this hybrid technology that are available in a to achieve idle reduction objectives (see Chapter 6)
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From page 65... ...
as the basic building blocks. Since all of hybrid drive equipment for medium-duty trucks in North hybridized passenger LDVs now in production use some America, including Allison Transmission (see section titled version of hybrid electric propulsion drives, this approach "Overview of Medium-Duty Hybrid Vehicles in Classes 2b is becoming well established in the vehicle manufactur- to 6" later in this chapter for more details)
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From page 66... ...
This type of MD vocational truck developed for use in hybrid power trains has been adapted helps to reduce fuel consumption for the fleet but would not be classified as a hybrid vehicle, even though it benefits from the significant work done on components and subsystems developed for hybrid-electric powertrains. There are other benefits of applying this electric drive technology to truck-mounted apparatus, including quieter operation in residential areas.
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From page 67... ...
Howenstein, Allison Transmission, "Transmission Technology and Fuel Consumption." Presentation to NRC Committee on Assessment incentives for battery-electric vehicles and buses, and new of Technologies and Approaches for Reducing the Fuel Consumption of regulations are expected to extend the incentives to include Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase 2, on November 21, 2013. MD hybrid trucks (Drive Clean Chicago, 2015)
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From page 68... ...
international interest in the development and commercializa- The Daimler SuperTruck team chose to incorporate a tion of MD hybrid trucks. It should be noted that many of the hybrid-electric drive into its vehicle and is close to completmanufacturers on this list are currently focused on research ing its evaluation.
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From page 69... ...
On the other hand, Review of 21CTP Hybrid Vehicle Technology Goals the hybrid electric drive is tightly integrated into the overall vehicle propulsion drive, allowing it to play a role in enabling In 2006 the 21CTP established three hybrid technology several advanced vehicle features. This fact complicates the goals for 2012.
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From page 70... ...
(The goal text is summarized; the complete ver- vided by rare-earth magnets. sion is available in the hybrid propulsion white paper dated Progress toward achieving the cost targets and lifetimes February 28, 2011 (DOE, 2011)
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From page 71... ...
The specific targets included in these two goals were years, although the focus has been on energy storage com- purposely chosen to extend well beyond the objectives of the ponents for LDVs, not MHDVs. Steady progress is being current SuperTruck projects, and the cited target numbers reported on increasing both the energy and power density (e.g., 20 percent fuel consumption reduction for line-haul of new batteries for propulsion applications, but their ability trucks)
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From page 72... ...
Information provided by projects, with only a couple exceptions, can be placed in one 21CTP leadership indicates that total expenditures by three of four categories: TABLE 4-1 Electric Drive Technologies Projects Identified as Part of 21CTP Inventory Agency Subgrouping Internal Project Title Recipient 2012 Funding 2013 Funding 2014 Funding DOD Non-Rare-Earth Materials for Motors N/A 1,500,000 500,000 500,000 DOD Modeling and Optimization of N/A 98,000 Electrified Propulsion Systems DOD High Energy Density Asymmetric N/A 99,000 Capacitors DOD Powertrain Thermal Management - N/A 50,000 Integration and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Pack, E-Motor Drive, and Internal Combustion Engine Multiple Loop Cooling System DOD Advanced Models for Electric N/A 78,000 Machines DOE Advanced Various (see Annual Report, http:// 3 National 13,266,940 11,053,327 9,704,789 Electric Drive energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/ labs (ORNL, Technologies f15/2013_apeem_report.pdf)
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From page 73... ...
, high-performance dynamometers above, to disappointing in the case of another project, that can be used to test large truck engines and hybrid VSS116, "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Hybrid Truck and drivetrains using sophisticated controls and instrumenta Zero-Emission Delivery Vehicle Deployment" (Carr and tion that can apply any desired drive cycle to the engine
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From page 74... ...
There are very few test facilities like objectives of reducing fuel consumption and emissions. this in the world today specifically designed for testing This effort takes on special importance because of the MHDV truck engines and powertrain equipment.
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From page 75... ...
Several of the other projects, such as those focused on developing traction • While the prices of key components -- including the motors that do not use expensive rare-earth magnetic mate- power electronics, motors, and batteries -- in hybrid rial, could eventually lead to scaled-up versions that would drivetrains for light-duty passenger cars are decreasbe useful in hybrid drives for trucks, but when this might ing, the rate of decrease is not been sufficiently fast to happen is uncertain. allow hybrid drivetrains to meet payback period crite There are also a few projects identified by DOD that ria set by the truck purchasers under current conditions could yield electric drive technology that matches or exceeds of falling fuel prices and the absence of any direct price the power ratings and ruggedness requirements for electric for emissions other than regulatory limits.
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From page 76... ...
executive director of Regulatory Issues and Hybrid Programs During its recent meetings in July and November 2014, at Allison, as follows: members of the hybrid team reviewed the special challenges associated with the commercialization of MHDV hybrid When considering volume production over the next 10 years drive equipment and the vehicles in which they are installed. for commercial truck hybrids, Allison believes that fleet An important topic of discussion during those meetings was operators and vehicle manufacturers currently lack a viable that, beyond hybrid drives, "there are opportunities for effi business case to support widespread deployment.
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From page 77... ...
worked out with the 21CTP leadership and completed by midyear in 2015. Hybrid Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions Some valuable insights into the objectives and future Certification directions of this reorganized working group have been provided by Mihai Dorobantu, director of Technology Planning The fuel consumption and emissions certification of a conand Government Affairs in the Eaton Vehicle Group, who ventional diesel-powered MHDV is currently accomplished is a member of the current hybrid team (Dorobantu, 2014, by running the engine over a combination of transient and personal communication)
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From page 78... ...
grants to replace HD on-road diesel vehicles with alternative fuel and hybrid vehicles. Committee Comment on Response to 4-1 The Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
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From page 79... ...
As partners of the 21CTP, EPA and DOT's for applying smaller microhybrid units in MDHVs to achieve NHTSA should work with CARB to develop test procedures for more modest fuel consumption and emissions reductions the certification process for criteria emissions so that the emis- should be included in these evaluations if they can achieve sions benefits of hybridization will be recognized, allowing the significant improvements in the value proposition for new reduction in size or simplification of the emission control system mild hybrid truck configurations. of hybrid heavy-duty vehicles to be realized.
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From page 80... ...
The 21CTP is considering a proposal to • The 2013 21CTP roadmap continues to place a high restructure its hybrid team so that it can work on other priority on hybridization in its technology plan for drivetrain efficiency improvements, including other types achieving major reductions in fuel consumption and of system integration opportunities that incorporate hybrid emissions, yet no funding has been requested or allo drive equipment. cated to explicit MHDV hybrid R&D projects for the past 7 fiscal years.
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From page 81... ...
2011. Hybrid Propulsion White Paper, between the performance and lifetime requirements for the Submitted by the DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies to the NRC two types of vehicles, as well as differences in their operat- Committee for Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase ing environments.
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From page 82... ...
2012. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report.
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From page 83... ...
ISE had duty truck classes, the technology of hybrid transit buses has sold 300 hybrid systems. No information on Bluways USA matured to the point that significant numbers of buses with products is available online.12 hybrid propulsion systems have been manufactured by sev Some of the technical challenges that must be overcome in eral companies and are now in daily use in many urban bus order for hybrid and battery-electric drives to achieve greater fleets in the United States and around the world.
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From page 84... ...
2014b. Allison Transmission announces total electrification option for components used with its H 40/50 EP™ 21CTP (21st Century Truck Partnership)
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