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A12 - Disruption of Insect Transmission of Plant Viruses, - Anna E. Whitfield and Dorith Rotenberg
Pages 329-346

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From page 329...
... The virus must then persist in or on the vector long enough for the virus to be transported to a new host and delivered into the plant cell. Plant viruses rely on their vectors for breaching the plant cell wall to be delivered directly into the cytosol.
From page 330...
... For the non-circulative viruses, some viruses bind directly to insect stylets or foreguts and other viruses need the assistance of another viral protein(s) that serves as a bridge between the insect structures and the virion (Chen et al., 2011;
From page 331...
... Some propagative viruses are phloem limited while others are widely distributed in plant tissues. The salivary glands are the final destination for circulative transmission, and viruses reach the salivary glands via the hemolymph or other routes such as the nervous tissue (neurotropic route)
From page 332...
... Blocking Virus Transmission with Viral Capsid Proteins and Glycoproteins Viral proteins are required for attachment and/or entry into the insect vector. Therefore, exploiting these proteins for their specific binding affinities to vector tissues is an obvious approach for blocking virus acquisition and transmission.
From page 333...
... Tomato spotted Thrips, Frankliniella Circulative, Yes Whitfield et al., 2004, wilt virus occidentalis propagative 2008; Montero-Astua et (TSWV, Tospovirus, al., 2014 Bunyaviridae) Viral coat protein/ Pea enation mosaic Aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Circulative Yes Bonning et al., 2014 toxin fusions virus (PEMV, Myzus persicae, Aphis glycines Enamovirus, and Rhopalosiphum padi a Luteoviridae)
From page 334...
... Disruption of Transmission of Circulative, Propagative Viruses Using Viral Proteins Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an enveloped negative strand RNA virus and the type member of the genus Tospovirus within the family Bunyaviridae.
From page 335...
... Defining the molecular determinants of a plant virus–vector interaction enabled the development of novel virus control strategies that aim to specifically disrupt the interaction. TSWV acquisition is mediated by the molecular interaction between the virus membrane glycoprotein GN, which serves as a viral attachment protein, and the thrips midgut.
From page 336...
... Using these tools, determining if excess helper component or coat protein can compete with virions to saturate binding sites in the vector to subsequently prevent virus attachment is an exciting avenue to pursue for this category of vector-transmitted viruses. Disruption of Other Insect-Borne Plant Pathogens Much like with plant viruses, recent work has focused on blocking transmission of other arthropod-borne plant pathogens.
From page 337...
... This work supports the hypothesis that pathogen retention in insect vectors is mediated by specific interactions and highlights commonalities in vector transmission of diverse types of pathogens. Potential Use of RNAi for Disruption of Plant Virus Transmission RNAi is an insect control approach that can also be used to directly target insect vectors and is considered to be the basis for the next generation of transgenic plants designed for insect pest control (Gordon and Waterhouse, 2007)
From page 338...
... Targeting the vector components is challenging because of the relatively large genome sizes and ploidy of insect vectors (Hanrahan and Johnston, 2011; Jacobson et al., 2013) , and vector transmission strategies among vector–virus systems are vastly different, and thus insect gene targets are likely more diverse and may vary between tissue types (i.e., receptors in guts vs.
From page 339...
... . Because non-circulative viruses bind to specialized regions of the insect stylet or foregut, it is hypothesized that once virus binding partners in the vector are identified, strategies to saturate binding sites can be deployed to prevent viral protein binding and subsequent
From page 340...
... . Other promising strategies that deserve further exploration for vectors of plant viruses include, firstly, insect transgenesis and secondly, microbial manipulation to reduce vector transmission (Alphey, 2014)
From page 341...
... . For insect vectors that reproduce sexually, the RIDL technology could provide new ways to reduce plant vector populations.
From page 342...
... 2013. Alteration of intersubunit acid–base pair interactions at the quasi-threefold axis of symmetry of cucumber mosaic virus disrupts aphid vector transmission.
From page 343...
... 2009. The readthrough domain of pea enation mosaic virus coat protein is not essential for virus stability in the hemolymph of the pea aphid.
From page 344...
... 2009. Variation in tomato spotted wilt virus titer in Frankliniella occidentalis and its association with frequency of transmission.
From page 345...
... 2004. Expression, purification, and characteriza tion of a soluble form of tomato spotted wilt virus glycoprotein GN.


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