Mathematical Sciences Research Challenges for the Next-Generation Electric Grid Summary of a Workshop (2015) / Chapter Skim
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6 Discussion
6 Discussion
Pages 54-69
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Using Phasor Measurement Units and Smart Meter Data to Build Better Models The subgroups discussed whether time series data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used to build better (parametric or nonparametric)
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However, a problem with these, as pointed out during the discussion, is that their size is not representative of actual power systems; therefore, it is not clear a priori that many tools being proposed by researchers actually scale up to realistic systems. Also, one participant noted, an open issue is how to create synthetic data sets to accompany these models with similar characteristics to those observed in data gathered from a real power system.
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Another participant commented that RTP can induce instabilities or limit cycles in the aggregate load response. A participant suggested that forward contracts for direct load control might offer a better alternative.
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Another participant noted that plug-in electric vehicles might represent a natural path toward delivering energy storage to the power system. A participant commented that it would be important to understand how such technologies get adopted to the point where they could provide such options.
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The trade-off between optimality and robustness was discussed, with a participant from the power industry commenting that robustness would be highly preferred. Introducing and defining the duality between game theory and mechanism design seems to be a future direction.
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• Dynamic models for stability analysis and feedback control. Participants dis cussed the need for revisiting dynamic models commonly used for stability analysis and feedback control design.
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One academic participant asked, Could we do micro-pricing such as is done with Internet advertising? Stochastic control is, broadly, the problem of multiperiod unit commitment.
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However, multidirectional information exchange between supply and demand sides is needed in the future. Potential future micro-grids were discussed in multiple breakout sessions.
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Discussions about the variability of renewable energy included how to redesign electricity markets to correctly dispatch and price renewable supply. Participants wondered what information the market participants need and whether risks are being allocated fairly between suppliers and consumers.
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One industry participant commented that verification of models works well but validation is difficult. Even if an individual component is well validated, when multiple components are interconnected the coupling and interactions make validation very challenging.
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Another industry participant reiterated the point that power electronics could be smart and fast but that this requires a different paradigm of control in com parison to traditional resistive load. Yet another industry participant spoke of the importance of centralized and distributed optimization methods, in particular, with demand response and an even larger number of decision variables.
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Updated Data and Models Needed Regarding data sharing among utilities, one industry representative commented on the Fedral Energy Regulatory Commission Critical Infrastructure Protection cybersecurity reliability standards, which may have kept the data away from most researchers. nother industry member commented on the outdated software A codes that underpin much of today's core software.
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In the real world, the true probability model is not known, and several models can represent the data equally well. This model uncertainty is usually ignored in stochastic optimization, and classical robust optimization considers only the worst-case scenario.
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Allow appliances and HVAC demand response capability with one-way data flow, never collecting data; 3. Create privacy-aware design with two-way data flow, processing data at the source; or 4.
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. Cynthia Rudin discussed two case studies of machine learning for power grid reliability.
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This integrated grid with micro-grids that can be inde pendent if needed will help improve security of the grid. • Autonomous micro-grid or central grid control.
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