Indo-U.S. Workshop on Challenges of Emerging Infections and Global Health Safety Summary of a Workshop (2016) / Chapter Skim
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1 Framing the Issues
1 Framing the Issues
Pages 17-32
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From page 17... ...
This is a success story, both in a scientific sense and in terms of capacity building -- the ultimate in the train-the-trainer concept. LeDuc expressed hope that New Delhi workshop participants would identify similar kinds of opportunities where people can have honest exchanges and true partnerships.
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From page 18... ...
Gain-offunction studies, in particular studies enhancing transmission of influenza viruses, have been among the most contentious issues. The United States recently instituted what is called a "pause" on gain-of2 For more information, see the Centers for Disease Control: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/united-statesimported-case.html; accessed April 10, 2016.
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From page 19... ...
Another critical set of issues surround the topic currently called One Health: The lines between animal health and human health continue to blur, with many diseases originating at the intersection of animals and humans. Addressing all of these issues well requires the sharing of experiences and lessons learned from both sides.
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Each factor acts as an ingredient in soup, essential to both taste and nutritional value. FIGURE 1-1: Sustainable biological safety and biological security programs.
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As the United States, particularly the government, has been in a hurry to make the world a safe and secure place, American experts have traveled around the world and trained many people. However, a training certificate alone is not enough; biosafety and biosecurity have to be part of the culture of a healthy research enterprise, a healthy laboratory culture.
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From page 22... ...
The new Global Health Security Initiative is more of a "top down" approach to 5 For more information, see: World Health Organization, International Health Regulations. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/international_health_regulations/en/; accessed April 10, 2016.
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From page 23... ...
When O'Neill began speaking about worker safety, some of the shareholders actually ran for the door and called their brokers to sell Alcoa stock, because they thought he was crazy. He persuaded them to stay by saying that if the company moves forward and becomes more prosperous, it will be because individual workers at this company have agreed to become part of something important; they will have devoted themselves to creating a habit of excellence.
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From page 24... ...
As the discussion continued, ethics, biosafety, and biosecurity were sometimes referred to with blurry definitional boundaries or as a common category. A participant from the National Institute of Immunology in New Delhi stated that the institute has a robust human ethics committee of seven members: a lawyer, a layperson, two practicing clinicians, two medical researchers, and a basic scientist.
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From page 25... ...
The biosafety policy states that if a question is referred to the human ethics committee and it has issues related to biosafety, then the matter is referred to the biosafety committee, and the researcher must acquire clearance from both the ethics and biosafety committees before proceeding with the experiment. Another participant noted that biosafety committees in India address primarily recombinant DNA issues and to a lesser extent chemical hazards.
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From page 26... ...
, and she asked Franz to share his thoughts about the separation of ethics issues from biosafety issues, and about biosafety issues not falling under the ethics committee. Nath expressed concern that if there are too many committees from which an institution and a researcher must obtain research approval, a disincentive for creativity and for conducting scientific work will be created.
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From page 27... ...
Incorporating Ethics, Biosafety, and Biosecurity Formally into Education and Training Curricula Gopal Pande noted that a workshop on biosafety and biosecurity was held at Punjab University, and he found the overall response from students to be striking: The student community really sought greater understanding about general research methods regarding safety and security pertaining to microbiology and wanted it incorporated into the curriculum. He asked how much biosecurity and biosafety are part of the curriculum in the United States and whether they could be discussed in a joint meeting.
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From page 28... ...
The time has come, agreed another participant, to combine education about laboratory procedures with biosafety and biosecurity training so that people are aware of these issues in totality, especially at the university level. However, it is currently not possible to introduce core ethics training into the curriculum at universities or in medical schools, the participant said.
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From page 29... ...
A participant noted that regardless of national-level initiatives, individual institutions and individual scientists are the ones closest to the research. The institution has ultimate responsibility, but the researcher assumes the obligation to conduct research appropriately, according to the framework of the guidelines that have been provided by the national authority and by the institution.
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From page 30... ...
Leadership Franz added that workshop participants, as leaders, have to live the values of ethical, safe, and secure research so that the people working for them can see that they believe and know the importance of those values. All of these essential components need to be integrated into the culture as a whole package.
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From page 31... ...
These interests may take priority over biosafety issues. One of the easiest incentives to encourage researchers to fully embrace biosafety, norms, ethics, biosecurity, and so on, is international collaboration.
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From page 32... ...
Further, a participant pointed out that it has been challenging to publish with international collaborators because many of the journals require authors to provide the numbers of the institutional biosafety committees' (IBC) discussions and the numbers for grants and so on.
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