SBIR/STTR at the National Institutes of Health (2015) / Chapter Skim
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6 Participation of Women and Minorities
6 Participation of Women and Minorities
Pages 185-207
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From page 185... ...
In implementing the statute via its Policy Guidance, SBA has transformed " inority m and disadvantaged persons" into "socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses (SDBs)
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From page 186... ...
And as we shall see, SBA definitions of "socially and economically disadvantaged" have the effect of largely obscuring agency performance in meeting congressional objectives to support the participation of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. AGENCY DATA NIH has provided data on the participation of women and minorities (as defined by SBA)
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From page 187... ...
The average Phase I funding levels for WOSBs were consistently lower than those for non-WOSB, in all years except FY2007 and FY2013. On average, the first year of Phase II SBIR funding was almost $27,000 lower, which would nor mally translate into a difference of more than $50,000 over the life of a standard 2-year Phase II award.
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From page 188... ...
Accordingly, analysis here uses the same definition: "minority" includes African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. Participation by minority-owned small businesses (MOSBs)
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From page 189... ...
The 2014 survey expands the analysis in both directions. Woman-Owned Small Businesses and Female PIs Women have traditionally been viewed as socially and economically dis advantaged in the context of the SBIR program, and expanding opportunities for women has therefore been considered as one of the congressionally mandated goals of the program since the 1992 reauthorization.
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From page 190... ...
Probing more deeply into the ethnic distribution of minority company ownership showed a distribution quite similar to that for minority PIs, in that 68 percent of minority-owned companies reported majority owners of Asian Indian and Asian Pacific ethnicity (see Table 6-2)
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From page 191... ...
Overall, NIH spent about $2 million in administrative funds on outreach in FY2014.13 A review of the activities described in the NIH Annual Report to SBA indicates that numerous other outreach activities appeared to be higher priority 13 NIH SBIR Report to SBA, FY 2014, p.
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From page 192... ...
To this end, the committee convened a workshop to draw attention to participation of women, minorities, and both older and younger scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the SBIR program and to identify mechanisms for improving their participation rates.17 The workshop also drew attention to the fact 14 NIH SBIR Report to SBA, FY 2014, pp.
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From page 193... ...
See Box 6-1. Participants in the workshop examined broad demographic trends in the science and engineering workforce and statistical measures from the SBIR program for women and minorities, and searched for pragmatic solutions to boost SBIR awards to women and minorities.
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From page 194... ...
, it is important to determine why WOSB award sizes are consistently lower than those for non-WOSBs. The review of the data reveals that NIH experiences serious difficulties in attracting MOSBs to the SBIR program.
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From page 195... ...
The committee's own workshop report, cited below, sheds light on upstream issues of participation for women and minorities, and the several listed afterwards, point to downstream issues: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Innovation, Diver sity, and the SBIR/STTR Programs: Summary of a Workshop, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2015. The workshop and the workshop summary examined broad demographic trends in the science and engineering workforce, the experiences of SBIR/STTR staff and participants, and ideas and pragmatic approaches put forward by par ticipants to boost the participation of women and minorities.
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From page 196... ...
Here the numbers are extremely small: 2014 Survey respondents reported 2 African American and 12 Hispanic American PIs. It is therefore concluded that NIH is finding minimal success in attracting MOSB participants into the SBIR/STTR programs.
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From page 197... ...
. Across the same time period, the success rates for WOSB applicants were consistently lower than those for non-WOSB applicants (see Figure 6-4)
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From page 198... ...
35 30 25 Success Rate (Percent) 20 15 10 5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fiscal Year WOSB Non-WOSB FIGURE 6-4 Success rates for NIH SBIR WOSB and non-WOSB applications, FY2005-2014.
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From page 199... ...
. But the share of awards was consistently lower than the share of applications in every year across the study period.
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From page 200... ...
(See Figure 6-7.) As with Phase I, Phase II WOSB success rates were persistently lower than those for non-WOSBs (see Figure 6-8)
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From page 201... ...
60 50 40 Success Rate (Percent) 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fiscal Year Non-WOSB WOSB FIGURE 6-8 Success rates for WOSB and non-WOSB NIH Phase II SBIR applications, FY2005-2014.
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From page 202... ...
20,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 –20,000 Difference (Dollars) –40,000 –60,000 –80,000 –100,000 Fiscal Year FIGURE 6-10 Average size of first-year Phase II SBIR grants to WOSB and non-WOSB applicants, FY2005-2014.
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From page 203... ...
Declining application rates are reinforced by relatively low success rates. Phase I success rates for MOSBs were lower than those for non-MOSBs in every year of the study period, and in some years were barely half.
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From page 204... ...
SOURCE: NIH Division of Statistical Analysis and Reporting, Table 127. 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 Percent Share 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fiscal Year FIGURE 6-13 MOSB percentage share of Phase I SBIR awards, FY2005-2014.
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From page 205... ...
20 15 10 5 Difference (Percent) 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 –5 –10 –15 –20 Fiscal Year FIGURE 6-15 Difference between success rates of MOSB and non-MOSB SBIR Phase II applicants, FY2005-2014.
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From page 206... ...
The numbers of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans would all likely be lower (as we found through the 2014 Survey, whose findings are discussed above)
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From page 207... ...
SOURCE: NIH Division of Statistical Analysis and Reporting, Table 127.
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