STTR: An Assessment of the Small Business Technology Transfer Program (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-27
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 9... ...
2 Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, 3 the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program remains the nation's largest innovation program for small businesses.
|
From page 10... ...
program, created in 1992 by the Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act of 1992, 5 sought to expand joint venture opportunities for small businesses and nonprofit research institutions. Under the STTR program, a small business receiving an award must collaborate formally with a research institution.
|
From page 11... ...
The remaining 30 percent may be … [completed by] the small business concern, the collaborating non-profit research institution, or an additional third party." 12 Over time, through a series of reauthorizations, the legislation enabling SBIR and STTR has required federal agencies with extramural R&D budgets in excess of $100 million to set aside a growing share of their budgets for the SBIR program and those with extramural R&D budgets in excess of $1 billion to set aside a growing share of their budgets for the STTR program (see Table 1-1)
|
From page 12... ...
TABLE 1-2 Agencies Participating in the SBIR and STTR Programs in 2015 Agency SBIR Participant STTR Participant Department of Agriculture X Department of Commerce X Department of Defense X X Department of Education X Department of Energy X X Department of Health and Human Services X X Department of Homeland Security X Department of Transportation X Environmental Protection Agency X National Aeronautics and Space Administration X X National Science Foundation X X SOURCE: Small Business Administration. and small firms by introducing entrepreneurial skills to high-tech research efforts.
|
From page 13... ...
NSF adopted this initiative first, and after a period of analysis and discussion, the Reagan administration supported its expansion across the federal government. Congress then passed the Small Business Innovation Research Development Act of 1982, which established the SBIR program.
|
From page 14... ...
The legislation also more strongly emphasized the need for commercialization of SBIR-funded BOX 1-1 Commercialization Language from 1992 SBIR Reauthorization Phase II "awards shall be made based on the scientific and technical merit and feasibility of the proposals, as evidenced by the first phase, considering, among other things, the proposal's commercial potential, as evidenced by (i) the small business concern's record of successfully commercializing SBIR or other research; (ii)
|
From page 15... ...
Finifter, "Evaluation of the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research program and the Fast Track Initiative: A balanced approach," in National Research Council, The Small Business Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of the Department of Defense Fast Track Initiative, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000, pp.
|
From page 16... ...
29 W.H. Schacht, "The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
|
From page 17... ...
The reauthorization also made changes that were not mentioned in previous reports of the Academies. These included the following: • Expansion of the STTR program • Limitations on agency flexibility -- particularly in the provision of larger awards • Introduction of commercialization benchmarks for companies, which must be met if companies are to remain in the program.
|
From page 18... ...
The academic literature on SBIR was also limited, 36 except for an assessment in the 1990s by Joshua Lerner of the Harvard Business School, who found "that SBIR awardees grew significantly faster than a matched set of firms over a ten-year period." 37 To help fill this assessment gap for the SBIR/STTR programs, the NRC's Committee for Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies (GIP, which preceded the NRC's first-round congressionally mandated study of the SBIR program) convened a workshop to discuss the SBIR program's history and rationale, review existing research, and identify areas for further research and program improvements.
|
From page 19... ...
47 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004. 48 Adapted from National Research Council, SBIR: Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004.
|
From page 20... ...
In addition to the reports on the SBIR program at each agency and a report on the program methodology, the study resulted in a summary of a symposium on program diversity and assessment challenges, a summary of a symposium on the challenges in commercializing SBIR-funded technologies, two reports on special topics, as well as the committee's summary report, An Assessment of the SBIR Program. In all, 11 study reports were published by the National Academies Press: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology (2004)
|
From page 21... ...
The committee will prepare an additional consensus report focused on the STTR Program at all five agencies. The agency reports will include agency-specific and program-wide findings on the SBIR and STTR programs to submit to the contracting agencies and Congress.
|
From page 22... ...
STUDY METHODOLOGY The SBIR-STTR programs are unique in terms of scale and mission focus. In addition, the evidence suggests that there are no truly comparable BOX 1-4 The STTR Workshop The committee convened a May 2015 workshop on the STTR program, drawing on the experiences of program managers from the five participating agencies as well as entrepreneurs from high-technology small businesses with experience in SBIR and STTR.
|
From page 23... ...
See National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology.
|
From page 24... ...
54 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology. 55 The survey carried out as part of this study was administered in 2014, and the survey completed as part of the Academies' first-round assessment of the SBIR program was administered in 2005.
|
From page 25... ...
57 Workshops convened by the committee as part of the overall analysis include NASA Small Business Innovation Research Program Assessment: Second Phase Analysis, January 28, 2010; Early-Stage Capital in the United States: Moving Research Across the Valley of Death and the Role of SBIR, April 16, 2010; Early-Stage Capital for Innovation -- SBIR: Beyond Phase II, January 27, 2011; NASA's SBIR Community: Opportunities and Challenges, June 21, 2011; Innovation, Diversity, and Success in the SBIR/STTR Programs, February 7, 2013; Commercializing University Research: The Role of SBIR and STTR, February 5, 2014; SBIR/STTR & the Role of State Programs, October 7, 2014; The Small Business Technology Transfer Program, May 1, 2015, and the
|
From page 26... ...
Data Sources and Limitations Multiple research modalities are especially important because limitations still exist in the data collected for the SBIR-STTR programs. In particular, there is no unified source of data on outcomes.
|
From page 27... ...
Appendix B describes key changes to the SBIR and STTR programs from the 2011 reauthorization. Appendix C reproduces the Academies survey instrument.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.