Ovarian Cancers Evolving Paradigms in Research and Care (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Glossary
Appendix B: Glossary
Pages 303-312
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From page 303... ...
. Allele -- One of two or more DNA sequences occurring at a particular gene locus.
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From page 304... ...
-- The generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. The purpose of CER is to assist consumers, clinicians, purchasers, and policy makers to make informed decisions that will improve health care at both the individual and the population levels (IOM, 2009)
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From page 305... ...
Epigenetic changes are changes in the way genes are switched on and off without changing the actual DNA sequence. They may be caused by age and exposure to environmental factors, such as diet, exercise, drugs, and chemicals.
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From page 306... ...
. HE-4 -- A gene amplified in ovarian carcinomas, whereas its expression in normal tissues, including ovary, is low.
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From page 307... ...
. Molecular risk assessment -- A procedure in which biomarkers (for example, biological molecules or changes in tumor cell DNA)
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From page 308... ...
-- Neoadjuvant therapy is a treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given. Examples of neoadjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy.
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-- A measurement based on a report that comes directly from the patient (i.e., study subject) about the status of a patient's health condition without amendment or interpretation of the patient's response by a clinician or anyone else.
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From page 310... ...
It covers the physical, psychosocial, and economic issues of cancer, beyond the diagnosis and treatment phases. Survivorship includes issues related to the ability to get health care and follow-up treatment, late effects of treatment, second cancers, and quality of life.
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From page 311... ...
2009. Initial national priorities for comparative effectiveness research.
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Key Terms
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