Assessing Health Outcomes Among Veterans of Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense) (2016) / Chapter Skim
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6 Discussion
6 Discussion
Pages 105-114
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From page 105... ...
(2) Exposure-specific comparisons were made between SHAD participants and comparison groups to test hypotheses suggested by the scientific literature regarding health risks.
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From page 106... ...
The hazard ratio for mortality from cancer was not statistically different in those exposed to BPL compared to the appropriate comparison units. The SHAD veterans who were exposed to zinc cadmium sulfide had a slight excess in lung cancer deaths that did not reach statistical significance (see Table 4-8)
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From page 107... ...
The only statistically significant result suggesting increased risk for a Project SHAD participant group was an increase in the hazard ratio for heart disease among the crew of the USS George Eastman. Ischemic heart disease mortality contributed the greater portion to this increased hazard ratio, but was not itself statistically different in between SHAD participants and the comparison group.
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From page 108... ...
Consistent with the analysis of mortality, the entire Project SHAD participant population was compared to the total population that served on vessels and in airborne and ground units that were selected for the comparison population. In addition, exposure-specific comparisons were made between SHAD participants and the corresponding comparison groups to test hypotheses suggested by the scientific literature regarding health risks.
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From page 109... ...
Interpretation of Morbidity Results The current study did not identify consistent differences in morbidity between Project SHAD participants and the comparison group for the study population as a whole or for specific exposure groups. The committee notes that the SHAD I study analyzed responses to a 2004 health survey that indicated worse health among the surviving SHAD veterans than the comparison group.
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From page 110... ...
noted that, except for the personnel from Test 69-10, less than 6 percent of the study population lacked social security numbers, permitting fairly complete follow up. The study also benefited from the input of SHAD veterans.
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From page 111... ...
Since then, the SHAD participants have had time to seek health care and receive diagnoses that veterans in the comparison population may not have sought. The SHAD tests took place during the Vietnam era; therefore both SHAD participants and the members of the comparison population may also have had service that makes them eligible for disability claims for certain conditions that VA has declared are presumptively related to Agent Orange exposure (VA, 2015)
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From page 112... ...
Human Health and Ethics In the decades that have passed since the SHAD testing, views on both workplace safety and the inclusion of humans (intentionally or not) in experimental testing have undergone a major evolution and emphasize the importance of informing workers (including military service personnel)
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From page 113... ...
The committee invested considerable effort in learning about the SHAD tests and in formulating its approaches to data analysis. In the numerous analyses of both the full study population and of several subgroups, the only finding of a seemingly higher risk -- of heart disease mortality among the 356 men who served on the USS George Eastman -- did not attain statistical significance after adjustments for the multiple tests carried out on this group.
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