Assessing Health Outcomes Among Veterans of Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense) (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Annex Brief Descriptions of SHAD Tests
Annex Brief Descriptions of SHAD Tests
Pages 41-58
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From page 41... ...
January, March 1963 The Eager Belle I test consisted of 17 exposure trials and was carried out in the Pacific Ocean west of Oahu, Hawaii. The test was intended "to evaluate the effectiveness of selected protective devices in preventing penetration of a naval ship by a biological aerosol," and "to compare the efficiency of the M-17 and the Mark V protective masks against a biological aerosol" (DTC, 1965, p.
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From page 42... ...
May 1963 The Autumn Gold test was carried out in open sea in the Pacific Ocean approximately 60 miles west-southwest of Oahu, Hawaii, and it used BG as a test substance. Its purpose was "to determine the degree of penetration of representative fleet ships, operating under three different material readiness conditions, by a simulant biological aerosol released from an operational weapon system" (DTC, 1964, p.
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From page 43... ...
Errand Boy was originally designed as an extension of the Eager Belle and Autumn Gold tests to obtain similar data about the relative efficiency of shipboard collective protection and ventilation systems, using the pathogenic test agents Pasteurella tularensis (P. tularensis, now designated Francisella tularensis)
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From page 44... ...
February-April, August-September 1964 The Flower Drum test was "designed to find a simulant for agent GB [sarin nerve agent] , to assess shipboard vulnerability to an enveloping vapor of toxic agent, and to establish comparative penetration properties for [sarin nerve agent]
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From page 45... ...
Dissemination was via a gas turbine on the bow or direct injection into the ventilation system intake. During dissemination of sarin nerve agent, "the disseminator crew wore M5 protective ensembles and all other personnel (who were in the safety citadel)
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From page 46... ...
. The test ships for Shady Grove were five Army light tugs (LTs)
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From page 47... ...
that participated in the conduct of these trials, no industrial type accidents or agent exposures resulted, thus indicating the exceptional job done in the training and execution of a test program of this magnitude by all participating personnel. It further confirmed the feasibility of using operational combat units, with a minimum amount of personnel training and experience, to deliver biological weapons on targets from remote bases throughout the world" (DTC, 1965, p.
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From page 48... ...
the use of an installed exterior deck washdown system was operationally feasible. An additional aim for the test was to obtain information on the performance in the test environment of an Aero-14B-spray tank jet aircraft weapon system that was used to disseminate BG (DTC, 1966)
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From page 49... ...
Mosquitoes were released from the USS George Eastman shortly after dawn, and trap recoveries were checked at 3, 12, and 24 hours 4 The agent–simulant relationship of MAA to sarin nerve agent had been evaluated and established in the Flower Drum Phase I test carried out in August-September 1964 (DTC 1966CH)
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From page 50... ...
The USS Granville S Hall collected meteorological data and provided laboratory support; the ship steamed upwind of the disseminated material to avoid contamination.
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From page 51... ...
August, September 1965 Fearless Johnny was carried out in the Pacific Ocean southwest of Honolulu and involved 17 trials. The test agents were the nerve agent VX or its simulant, diethylphthalate (DEP)
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From page 52... ...
, which may mean the results were below the limit of detection of the samplers. Other objectives for the test included determining the degree of aerosol penetration into closed but unpressurized areas of the ship; comparing the results with similar ships without STOPS, taking into account the ventilation characteristics; determining the degree of exterior and interior contamination of surfaces and evaluating the exterior water washdown system; and evaluating "the nasal pharyngeal-wash technique as a method for detecting the inhalation of biological aerosols" by exposed personnel (DTC, 1967, p.
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From page 53... ...
5) , "In September, 1966, the submarine weapon system disseminated a nonpathogenic biological aerosol against the downwind sampling array established for DTC Test 66-13, HALF NOTE." The DoD Fact Sheet states that in each trial, the USS George Eastman and tugs would "traverse upwind attempting to remain in the aerosol cloud for several hours" (DoD, 2003, p.
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From page 54... ...
. The participating ships are identified as the submarine the USS Carbonero, five light tugs, and the USS Granville S
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From page 55... ...
Fort Douglas, UT: Deseret Test Center. Test 69-31 August-September 1968 Test 69-31 was carried out during daylight hours in the Pacific Ocean, roughly 80 nautical miles off the coast of San Diego, in the vicinity of San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island (DTC, 1969)
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From page 56... ...
Test 69-32 April-June 1969 Test 69-32 consisted of 27 trials carried out in the Pacific Ocean southwest of the Hawaiian Islands. It was conducted to evaluate the effect of sunlight on the viability of aerosolized Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli disseminated in a temperate environment during sunrise and sunset periods (DTC, 1970)
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From page 57... ...
The USS Granville S Hall provided laboratory support for the test and remained upwind of the dissemination.
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