Global Health Risk Framework Governance for Global Health: Workshop Summary (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Glossary
Appendix B: Glossary
Pages 111-122
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From page 111... ...
as an aerosol. African swine fever: A highly contagious tick-borne hemorrhagic disease of pigs, warthogs, European wild boar, and American wild pigs.
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From page 112... ...
transmitted by mosquitoes especially of the genus Aedes -- called also chikungunya fever. Cholera: Any of several diseases of humans and domestic animals usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms; an acute diarrheal disease caused by an enterotoxin produced by a comma-shaped Gram-negative bacillus of the genus Vibrio (V.
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From page 113... ...
Dual use research of concern: In the life sciences, research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel, or national security.
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From page 114... ...
: Any infectious disease that has come to medical attention within the past two decades or for which there is a threat that its prevalence will increase in the near future. Many times, such diseases exist in nature as zoonoses and emerge as human pathogens only when humans come into contact with a formerly isolated animal population, such as monkeys in a rain forest that are no longer isolated because of deforestation.
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From page 115... ...
Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) : A unifying framework to improve our global response to disease outbreaks and close gaps in surveillance and response so that disease threats are stopped at the earliest possible opportunity.
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From page 116... ...
of bunyaviruses (as the Hantaan virus) that are transmitted by rodent feces and urine and cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fevers marked by renal necrosis.
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Influenza: An acute highly contagious virus disease that is caused by various strains of orthomyxoviruses belonging to three major types now considered as three separate genera and that is characterized by sudden onset fever, prostration, severe aches and pains, and progressive inflammation of the respiratory mucous membrane -- often used with the letter A, B, or C to denote disease caused by a virus of a specific one of the three genera; any human respiratory infection of undetermined cause -- not used technically; any of numerous febrile, usually virus, diseases of domestic animals (as shipping fever of horses and swine influenza) marked by respiratory symptoms, inflammation of mucous membranes, and often systemic involvement.
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From page 118... ...
Millennium Development Goals: Eight international development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. These goals -- which range from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 -- form a blueprint agreed to by all the world's countries and all the world's leading development institutions.
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From page 119... ...
: An Internet-based reporting system dedicated to rapid global dissemination of information on outbreaks of infectious diseases and acute exposures to toxins that affect human health, including those in animals and in plants grown for food or animal feed.
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Quarantine: The enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of a contagious disease. Retrovirus: Any of large family of RNA viruses that includes lentiviruses and oncoviruses, so called because they carry reverse transcriptase.
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From page 121... ...
that causes an illness marked by fever, headache, muscle ache, skin rash, and sometimes encephalitis or meningitis that is spread chiefly by mosquitoes and that is closely related to the viruses causing Japanese B encephalitis and Saint Louis encephalitis.
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From page 122... ...
122 GOVERNANCE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH World Bank: The World Bank Group. One of the world's largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries, consisting of five institutions with a common commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development Zoonotic infection: Infection that causes disease in human populations but can be perpetuated solely in nonhuman host animals (e.g., bubonic plague)
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