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2 Need for Global Health Risk Governance
Pages 5-16

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From page 5...
... (Takemi) • Many definitions of global health governance -- including the workshop's working definition -- tend to focus on actors, pro cesses, principles, and objectives, neglecting or obscuring the central act of exercising political power.
From page 6...
... DEFINING GOVERNANCE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH From his perspective as a politician and global health diplomat, Keizo Takemi, professor at Tokai University, called for collective action to address infectious diseases that threaten human security. A member of the Japanese House of Councillors and the Liberal Democratic Party, Takemi emphasized the role of health in security at every governmental level.
From page 7...
... Infectious Disease Preparedness and Response: The Road to the IHR David Fidler of Indiana University defined the overarching goals and essential properties of good governance for global health as applied to infectious disease preparedness and response, and described the political context for implementing these elements through the IHR. Tracing the evolution of the concept of global governance for infectious diseases, he examined its status in the wake of the West African Ebola outbreak.
From page 8...
... WHO member states agreed to a new emergency fund, but one supported only by voluntary contributions, which can lead to accountability issues. Such weak efforts to improve global health governance for infectious diseases were overshadowed by those of other institutions, such as the G7, the Global Health Security Agenda, and the World Bank Group, he said -- evidence that proliferation in governance is occurring without "any serious connection to how political interests are formed or political power is exercised." Jeffrey Duchin of Seattle–King County Public Health and the University of Washington, asked for examples of instances in which the exercise of political power with regards to global health has been reconciled with principles of good governance.
From page 9...
... Peter Piot of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine argued that power relations can evolve, and WHO needs to remember to look broadly across the global health field when considering interests. Fidler, however, predicted that such seemingly limited "fixes" to the global health governance system would have far-reaching and unanticipated consequences due to the system's complexity.
From page 10...
... Expanding the definition of "global health" to include animals, plants, and ecosystems, according to the concept of One Health,1 Thiermann defined global veterinary governance as a global public good. He described the OIE's efforts to establish, monitor, and encourage worldwide compliance with standards for veterinary services.
From page 11...
... After reviewing the evaluation, the member country can request a visit from another OIE expert panel in order to plan and budget strategic actions over 5 years to improve compliance with the OIE PVS standards in the general areas of trade, animal health, veterinary public health, veterinary laboratories, and management and regulatory services. As of April 2015, 96 countries had requested this gap and costing analysis, he said; 80 had been completed, and the results of 13 were available on the Internet.
From page 12...
... DIVERSIFICATION OF GLOBAL HEALTH Focusing on the concept of global health governance as it is applied to infectious diseases, Fidler described the dramatic expansion in expectations for "good governance" in this arena since the mid-1800s. At that time, global governance for infectious diseases was initiated under the International Sanitary Conferences and International Sanitary Conventions.
From page 13...
... Takemi described Japan's Global Health Innovative Technology Fund,3 a consortium representing pharmaceutical companies and government representatives from several sectors, and partnered with the Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust. Such schemes, he asserted, encourage research and development on the part of pharmaceutical companies to meet global health threats arising among impoverished populations, as exemplified by Ebola in West Africa.
From page 14...
... Takemi also advocated that WHO continue to play the leading role in addressing infectious disease outbreaks and characterized the criticism leveled against the organization for its delay in declaring the Ebola epidemic a public health emergency of international concern as unfair, saying it was fueled by a vast array of unfortunate factors. We should take this opportunity to increase the political momentum around global governance and 4  As part of the Global Health Risk Framework, a separate workshop summary on build ing resilient and sustainable health systems explores these concepts in more depth and can be found at http://iom.nationalacademies.org/reports/2016/GHRF-Health-Systems.
From page 15...
... In conclusion, Takemi envisioned a common policy extending from the community level on the foundational concept of human security, and linked to collective action at the national and global levels. Proposals for strengthening global governance for health need to be aligned and supported by both effective leadership and political action, he insisted, saying that governance is not just architecture.


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