Global Health Risk Framework Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems to Respond to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Workshop Summary (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 1-10
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
Throughout the course of these outbreaks over the past several years, thousands of lives have been lost, the affected communities have suffered severe social and economic challenges, and the cost of responding to these incidents worldwide coninues t to climb into the billions. Multiple novel and evolving microorganisms have the potential to cause public health emergencies with international scope and since 2003, there have been several outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases resulting in significant global health impact (see Box 1-1)
|
From page 2... ...
, formerly called Ebola hemorrhagic fever, was first identified in 1976 in remote villages in Central Africa. The recent outbreak in West Africa -- the most widespread to date -- began in Guinea in March 2014 and spread primarily to neighboring countries Sierra Leone and Liberia (WHO, 2015d)
|
From page 3... ...
. The notable infectious disease outbreaks described above are examples of the need for enhanced and sustainable capacity to plan for and respond to global infectious diseases and other public health emergencies, as well as an augmented framework for identifying and effectively responding to the contemporary challenges and realities presented by these emergencies.
|
From page 4... ...
. The 2014 EVD outbreak in West Africa has been similarly instructive; a WHO report summarizing lessons learned asserted that a country with a weak health system and limited public health infrastructure is unable to withstand a "sudden shock" like an infectious 3 The MERS-CoV outbreak has not officially been declared a PHEIC by WHO.
|
From page 5... ...
The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. With encouragement and input from the World Bank; WHO; and the governments of the United Kingdom, the United States, and West African countries; and support from various international and national organizations (Ford, Gates, Moore, Paul G
|
From page 6... ...
For workshop objectives, see Box 1-2.6 RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN HEALTH SYSTEMS Two fundamental principles underpin strong health systems: resilience and sustainability. Michael Myers, Managing Director, The Rockefeller Foundation, introduced the concept of resilience in health systems by defining it as the capacity of health actors, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises, thus maintaining core functions when a crisis hits (see Box 1-3)
|
From page 7... ...
INTRODUCTION 7 BOX 1-2 Workshop Objectives • eliberate on suggestions and opportunities to build and maintain a sustain D able, resilient health system for times of emergency, especially in resource limited settings; • ynthesize lessons learned from past case studies about potential threats S posed by fragile health systems and ways to restore and maintain health system resilience and sustainability; • iscuss the key priority areas for Disease Surveillance, Workforce Capacity, D Public Health and Health Care Infrastructure, Community Engagement, and Leadership and Management, and their integration to achieve resilient and sustainable health systems; • iscuss varying types of cross-sector partner engagement in building resilient D and sustainable health systems and how these partners are incorporated into the overall health care delivery system; • onsider the value proposition for resilient and sustainable health systems, C and the impact on the economic sector nationally and globally due to ineffec tive and inefficient health systems; and • ynthesize best practices and recommendations for translating research and S lessons learned into public health action for holistic health system resilience and sustainability. BOX 1-3 Characteristics of a Resilient Health System Myers outlined five characteristics of a resilient health system: • ware: the system needs to have surveillance capacity and be aware of its A limitations • iverse: the system must be multidisciplinary and provide adequate training D for health care workers • elf-regulating: the system has the authority to make changes in a timely S m anner and has flexible infrastructure • ntegrated: the system has integrated health and public health capacities, with I coordination during crisis as well as peacetime (this is essential to building trust)
|
From page 8... ...
A health system's capacity to function comprehensively and effectively on an everyday basis while also being able to respond effectively to -- and recover from -- public health emergencies is the hallmark of both its resilience and its sustainability, he noted. Further, Ben Adeiza Adinoyi, Africa Zone Health and Care Coordinator, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies added, that having a strong health system is dependent on economic development, and a prerequisite for that is to have strong governance in place.
|
From page 9... ...
Chapter 4 reports on practical approaches for enhancing information management capacities, including health information and disease surveillance systems. Finally, Chapter 5 addresses the principles and strategies for strengthening outbreak management and emergency response systems.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.