Speech and Language Disorders in Children Implications for the Social Security Administration's Supplemental Security Income Program (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Summary
Summary
Pages 1-14
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
When combined with other risks, such as poverty, severe speech and language disorders can increase risk for a wide variety of adverse outcomes, including social isolation and mental health disorders, learning disabilities, behavior disorders, poor academic achievement, and chronic underemployment. These outcomes -- some of which can be mitigated through early identification and intervention -- point to the array of needs children with speech and language disorders are likely to have and to the kinds of ongoing support they may require.
|
From page 2... ...
STUDY CHARGE In 2014, the SSA Office of Disability Policy requested that the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convene a consensus committee to identify past and current trends in the prevalence and persistence of speech and language disorders among the general U.S. population under age 18 and compare those trends with trends among the SSI childhood disability population, and to provide an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of speech and language disorders and the levels of impairment due to these disorders in the U.S.
|
From page 3... ...
To accomplish this goal, the committee will: • ompare the national trends in the number of children with speech C disorders and language disorders under age 18 with the trends in the number of children receiving SSI on the basis of speech disorders and language disorders; and describe the possible factors that may contribute to any differences between the two groups; and • dentify current professional standards of pediatric and adolescent health I care for speech disorders and language disorders and identify the kinds of care documented or reported to be received by children in the SSI childhood disability population. To perform the above activities, the committee shall do the following with respect to the two child populations: • dentify national trends in the prevalence of speech disorders and I language disorders in children and assess factors that influence these trends.
|
From page 4... ...
of childhood speech and language disorders. To do so, the committee consulted numerous sources of data, including clinical data from small treatment studies, population-based data from large national surveys, and administrative data from large federal programs.
|
From page 5... ...
Conversely, speech and language disorders may be included in other reported categories, such as "development delays" or "multiple disabilities," or reported as impairments secondary to primary conditions such as autism spectrum disorder or primary disorders of hearing, thereby effectively deflating the number of speech and language disorders reported. Although the committee encountered challenges, it found sufficient evidence to estimate that 3 to 16 percent of the general population of children from birth through age 21 experience problems with speech or language.1 For example, studies on childhood speech sound disorders show overall prevalence rates ranging from 3 to 16 percent.
|
From page 6... ...
NOTES: FPL = federal poverty level; SSI = Supplemental Security Income. All data are from 2013.
|
From page 7... ...
The converse is true as well: the consequences of poverty are likely to be especially serious for children with disabilities because of their heightened vulnerabilities, elevated needs for health care, and overall poor health. The SSI program for children was established to address the needs of children with disabilities living in low-income households because they were determined to be "among the most disadvantaged of all Americans and are deserving of special assistance." SSI recipients include children whose health conditions or disabilities are severe enough to meet the program's disability eligibility criteria and whose family income and assets are within limits specified by the SSA.
|
From page 8... ...
Assessment, Evaluation, and Standards of Care The committee reviewed standards of care, including diagnostic evaluation and assessment, treatments and protocols, and educational interventions, for children with speech and language disorders. The committee reviewed the literature and invited speech, language, and special education experts to provide additional insights into current standards of care and practices for children with speech and language disorders, including evidence on the efficacy of treatments and interventions, when available.
|
From page 9... ...
Several sources that collect data on speech and language disorders in children suggest that over the past decade, the prevalence of these conditions has increased. Although there have been no studies describing why the prevalence of speech and language disorders has increased over time, available epidemiologic literature related to children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may provide insight.
|
From page 10... ...
Although not a direct comparison, the committee reviewed data on initial SSI allowances for speech and language disorders for two points in time to determine the percent increase in those initial allowances.2 The number of initial allowances for speech and language disorders increased by nearly 40 percent between 2007 and 2011 (from 21,135 to 29,309)
|
From page 11... ...
Trends Among Participants in the Supplemental Security Income Program To identify trends among participants in the SSI program, the committee reviewed administrative data collected by the SSA on initial allowances and recipients3 for primary speech and language impairments. Between 2004 and 2014, the total number of children receiving benefits for speech and language disorders increased from 90,281 to 315,523, a 249 percent increase.
|
From page 12... ...
CONCLUSION The evidence presented in this report underscores the long-term and profound impact of severe speech and language disorders on children and their families. It also helps explain the degree to which children with such disorders can be expected to be a significant presence in a program such as SSI, whose purpose is to provide financial assistance to families of children with the severest disabilities.
|
From page 13... ...
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.