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From page 92... ... 92 C H A P T E R 7 7.1 Introduction The simple fact that the data elements contained in the various datasets may be defined, measured, and reported differently does not indicate that the datasets cannot be used in tandem or combined in a single analysis. The differences simply require that some effort be expended to normalize the data for the intended application. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 93 4. Data Sources Discussed -- A list of data sources included in each bridge discussion for taxonomic, temporal, and methodological bridges. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary The following resources provide information on how to bridge data elements that identify the same geographic unit but use different classification systems or codes: • FIPS (PUB 10-4) Country Code to County Name (full text) Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 95 7.3.2 State Data Elements Table 7-2 identifies state data elements across multiple databases with similar reporting schemas. Consult Table 7-3 for a crosswalk between State Names, FIPS/ANSI/GSA Numeric State Codes, and two-character Postal Codes.186 7.3.3 County Data Elements Table 7-4 identifies county data elements across multiple databases with similar reporting codes. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary Name FIPS/ANSI/GSA Numeric Code Postal Code (USPS) Name FIPS/ANSI/GSA Numeric Code Postal Code (USPS) Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 97 Equivalent Entities187 and the Missouri Census Data Center Geographic Correspondence Engine (MABLE/Geocorr) 188 when working with county place-identifier data elements to be aware of county boundary changes that have occurred since 1970 and may influence the accuracy of bridging county definitions between multiple years. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary 7.4 Units of Measurement Bridges Keywords: area, distance, value, monetary, volume, weight Temporal, methodological, or taxonomic differences exist between units of measurements in the various data sources. A user may wish, for example, to compare the shipping weight of a commodity in one data source that uses metric tonnage as the unit of measurement with that from another data source that uses hundredweight. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 99 Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) The data elements ALAND and AWATER, which report land area and water area, respectively, report area in square feet. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 100 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary Foreign Trade Statistics (FTS) In 1989 the United States adopted the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, commonly referred to as the Harmonized System (HS) Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 101 as a guide for comparing measurements such as length, width, and height from other data sources with those reported by the Carload Waybill Sample. Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... 102 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary establishments. Broader in scope, the GDP is the value of all goods produced and services performed by labor and capital located in the United States.201 Foreign Trade Statistics (FTS) Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 103 7.4.5.2 Military Time Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) FARS records the time of death using two data elements, DEATH_HR and DEATH_MN, indicating the hour of death and minute of death, respectively. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... 104 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary the Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) with no conversion necessary. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 105 Given that this system collects information based on the metric standard, Table 7-17 can assist users in converting measures of weight from other data sources to metric quantities and values for use with foreign trade statistics.213 Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) The data elements VIUS_GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight Based on Reported Average Weight) Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... 106 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary 7.5 Commodity Classification Bridges Keywords: bridge, crosswalk, Harmonized System (HS) , NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 107 with six-digit Transborder freight data, however, they would need to remove the last four digits from the FTS commodity code to bridge the two data sets. Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... 108 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary Miscellaneous Codes Related to Commodities The data elements presented in Table 7-23 provide specific details for commodities that are beyond what the Harmonized System (HS) , Standard Transportation Commodity Codes (STCC) Read the entire page →
From page 109... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 109 Data Source Data Element Definition Carload Waybill Sample225 UNIQUE SERIAL NUMBER To allow for unique idenficaon of waybills, the AAR/Railinc assigns a six-digit number to all waybills processed. Hardcopy waybills are assigned serial numbers in the 100,000 to 199,999 range. Read the entire page →
From page 110... ... 110 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary HS codes between given years, the tables also indicate the relationship between the two HS versions that informed the method by which the conversions were performed (see Column D in Figure 7-3) Read the entire page →
From page 111... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 111 Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) The SITC system was introduced in 1950 by the United Nations (UN) Read the entire page →
From page 112... ... 112 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary 7.5.3 Bridges across Classification Systems The discussions below provide methods for reconciling data elements across data sources that use different commodity classification systems. Harmonized System (HS) Read the entire page →
From page 113... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 113 codes and descriptions used in the other classification systems. Figure 7-8 shows an example concordance table for soybean imports for each of the classification systems in 2013. Read the entire page →
From page 114... ... 114 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 115 that the concordance table includes six-digit NAICS codes for both 2012 and 2007, as well as columns labeled "NAICS Title," describing the industry/piece of the industry (e.g., potato farming) Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... 116 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary Bridging 2012 NAICS and 2007 NAICS To bridge 2012 NAICS industries with 2007 NAICS industries when using County Business Pattern data, users should consult the 2012 to 2007 NAICS Concordance File, which is provided on the NAICS website.256 7.6.2 Bridging across Industry Classification Systems Different freight data sources employ different classification systems to identify industries. It is often unclear, however, whether disparate systems can be used with one another for freight data analysis. Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 117 type, with the corresponding SIC codes appearing in regular type just below. Tables from this resource also include the number of establishments, sales/receipts/revenue/shipments, annual payroll, and paid employees for both NAICS and SIC industries.257 To compare 2012 County Business Pattern industries with SIC industries from prior releases, users can consult the NAICS to SIC Crosswalk provided by the NAICS Association.258 The crosswalk directly compares industries between the two classification systems. Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... 118 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary To illustrate these differences, Table 7-30 presents a summary of data element values related to mode of transport as reported in the most recent versions of the respective databases. For each mode of transport, the various names used in the database are listed. Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... Air Carrier Stascs Air b Border Crossing/Entry Data Truck Train Containers Carload Waybill Sample Ex-lake Lake cargo Intercoastal Coastwise Inland waterways Intermodal traileron-flat-car (TOFC) and container-onflat-car (COFC) Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... Highway Rail Water Air Pipeline Intermodal a Multimodal a Other/ Unknown Vehicle Travel Informaon System (VTRIS) Single unit trucks Single trailer trucks Mul-trailer trucks a For purposes of Table 7-30, the category "multimodal" means freight movement by multiple modes (which may sometimes include transit) Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 121 databases. The following sections provide further discussions on the data values that exist for the freight mode of transport data elements. Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... 122 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary Carload Waybill Sample The data element TYPE OF MOVE VIA WATER is a classification of water movement in the Carload Waybill Sample. Users should take note of the following water movement definitions as provided in the STB Waybill Reference Guide:262 • 0 -- Not a water movement • 1 -- Ex-Lake (from Great Lakes to reporting railroad) Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 123 – Great Lakes -- Vessels or barges operating on the Great Lakes – Deep sea -- Vessels or barges operating primarily in the open waters of the ocean, outside the borders of the United States – Multiple waterways -- Shipments sent by any combination of Inland water, Great Lakes, and Deep sea; usually involving a transfer between vessels – Pipeline -- Movement (of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry, etc.) through pipelines that extend to other establishments or locations beyond the shipper's establishment; does not include aqueducts for the movement of water – Air -- Any shipment sent via air mode to its destination, including shipments carried by truck to or from an airport • Multiple mode shipments -- Shipments for which two or more of the following modes of transportation were used AND parcel delivery/courier/U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... 124 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary imply, domestic mode signifies the mode of transport used only within the United States. Foreign inbound and outbound modes represent the modes of transport for shipments entering the United States and exiting the United States, respectively. Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 125 Before April 1995, the actual modes of transport for imports into foreign trade zones (FTZs) were unknown and were therefore categorized under DIGAMOT 8 (other) Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... 126 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary Air Carrier Statistics Numerous airline mergers and acquisitions have occurred in the history of air freight. Such changes can alter how a particular airline is labeled in the Air Carrier Statistics. Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 127 The following list summarizes changes to the data element definitions based on the years the data was released: • 1977–2000 – 0 = No – 1 = Yes – 7 = Died at the scene (1999–2000) – 8 = Died en route (1999–2000) Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... 128 Implementing the Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary • 2007–2009 – 0 = Not transported – 1 = Yes, EMS – 2 = Yes, law enforcement – 3 = Yes, other – 4 = Yes, transported by unknown source – 9 = Unknown Classification (BODY_TYP) Data Year and Code 1975–1981 1982–1990 1991–Later Passenger Cars 9-Jan 01-11, 67 01-11, 17 (since 2010) Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... Resolving Differences in Data Element Definitions 129 • 2010–Current – 0 = Not transported – 1 = EMS air – 2 = Law enforcement – 3 = EMS unknown mode – 4 = Transported unknown source – 5 = EMS ground – 6 = Other – 8 = Not reported – 9 = Unknown North American Transborder Freight Database (Transborder) Temporal changes to the DISAGMOT mode of transport field in the Transborder freight database include the following: • July 1995 -- U.S. Read the entire page →

From page 92...

... 92 C H A P T E R 7 7.1 Introduction The simple fact that the data elements contained in the various datasets may be defined, measured, and reported differently does not indicate that the datasets cannot be used in tandem or combined in a single analysis. The differences simply require that some effort be expended to normalize the data for the intended application.