2015-2016 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory Interim Report (2016) / Chapter Skim
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7 Human Sciences
7 Human Sciences
Pages 78-88
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From page 78... ...
The Panel on Human Factors Science also reviewed a component of the Assessment and Analysis Campaign portfolio on assessing mission capabilities of systems. The goal of this area, more or less, is engineering and acquisition decision support for current and future army human systems.
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From page 79... ...
Many of the real-world research questions that ARL is dealing with urgently require more effort with respect to subject populations and the representation of mission contexts. A number of studies presented drew upon ARL researchers as subjects to a worrisome degree.
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From page 80... ...
Similarly, the modeling and simulation capability to support this work is good, but an expanded toolkit will be needed to enable substantive advances in the future. Challenges and Opportunities The potentially valuable work in this area faces inherent challenges, but overall there does not appear to be a coherent vision for how the research holds together and cumulatively builds to push the state of the art.
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From page 81... ...
ARL identified a focus on sociotechnical systems, including data to decisions, decision support systems, human dynamics of cybersecurity, and network team performance. Although ARL identified human dynamics of cybersecurity as a component of ARL's focus on sociotechnical systems within its Human Sciences campaign, ARL's Human Sciences campaign did not present anything that was germane to cyber research.
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From page 82... ...
Continued strategic investment to push advances in this area would yield significant payoffs for the Army and potential spinoffs of benefit to other government and private sector research and development. Both the environment for auditory research (EAR)
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From page 83... ...
Challenges and Opportunities Measuring and understanding behavior in the real world is an audacious objective given the limits to the current understanding of nonlinear causal propagation and emergence in complex real-world systems and environments. True multidisciplinary projects are generally rare but are essential in order for this area to mature to yield meaningful and valuable outcomes.
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From page 84... ...
In addition to high-fidelity brain measurements examined in the laboratory, a range of other measures such as multiple cue or cue fusion approaches needs to be considered, with the goal of identifying potentially lower fidelity neurocognitive measures of brain state. Fused cue approaches use multiple data modalities (e.g., heart rate measures, eye movement 84
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From page 85... ...
The scope of data that could be collected in the immersive measurement for understanding and predicting individual variation in performance has the potential to be massive. The measurements planned in the immersive workplace (possibly including recording facial expression, direction of gaze, all keystrokes in work projects, and some simple physiological measures of heart rate)
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From page 86... ...
Most of the projects that were presented in this area are responding to important and specific Army customer needs, such as the efforts dealing with human modeling, field assistance in science and technology, human behaviors negatively affect engineering solutions, and fire suppressant effectiveness. Soldier surveys conducted by ARL to identify and characterize problems with equipment and systems used in the field yield valuable feedback that can, if effectively acted on, save lives, promote mission effectiveness, and potentially provide long-term cost savings to the Army.
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From page 87... ...
Overall, the ARL neuroscience laboratory, with its emphasis on high-quality R&D and peer-reviewed publications on par with distinguished university peers, is an exemplar on which to grow and sustain basic science across the human sciences KCIs. The new emphasis on advancing assessment science in the human factors area of assessing mission capability of systems is commendable; it needs to be brought into balance with the assessmentfor-hire field assistance in this KCI, to position ARL to effectively support the Army after next.
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From page 88... ...
can be cast as a grand challenge, because it is complex, multidisciplinary, and involves many unknowns, requiring multilevel focuses on theory, data, modeling, and engineering to meet stated and implicit goals and objectives. For example, research on individual variability is one of the most difficult problems in the field of psychology; the planned new initiative on unobtrusive immersive measurement of behavior is potentially an enormous problem domain; and measuring and understanding behavior in the real world is an audacious objective given the limits to our current understanding of nonlinear causal propagation and emergence in complex, real-world systems and environments.
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