Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety Research Needs (2016) / Chapter Skim
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3 Consequences of Fatigue from Insufficient Sleep
3 Consequences of Fatigue from Insufficient Sleep
Pages 43-50
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From page 43... ...
The National Transportation Safety Board has identified fatigue as a probable cause or a contributing factor in incidents and accidents across all modes of transportation. It is important to understand how fatigue affects performance and the implications of these effects for highway safety.1 Safe motor vehicle operation requires, among other things, the ability to stay awake and sustain maintenance of stable vigilance, situational awareness, and appropriately timed psychomotor and cognitive responses.
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From page 44... ...
Therefore, this report makes no further mention of this issue. WORK-RELATED INSUFFICIENT SLEEP IN COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVERS Chronic insufficient sleep due to sleeping less than 7 hours per day results in a "sleep debt" (Van Dongen et al., 2003b)
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From page 45... ...
In all three studies, the differences in sleep time on work- versus nonworkdays were statistically significant, and in all three, drivers' workday sleep durations averaged below 6.3 hours per day, an amount of daily sleep time considered insufficient for health (Watson et al., 2015a, 2015b)
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From page 46... ...
and drowsy driving, adults reporting sleep durations of 6.75 to 7.5 hours and of less than 6.75 hours had a 27-percent and 73-percent increase, respectively, in the risk of sleep onset during the sleep propensity test compared with adults reporting more than 7.5 hours of sleep (McKnight-Eily et al., 2009; Punjabi et al., 2003)
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From page 47... ...
Self-Reported Measures of Sleepiness and Fatigue Dose-response studies on the adverse effects of sleep restriction on attention and performance have shown that self-reported sleepiness or fatigue does not continue to increase with chronic sleep restriction, but rather achieves a maximum at levels that do not reflect actual performance risks. Therefore self-reported sleepiness and fatigue may not reliably reflect increasing performance risks.
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From page 48... ...
However, research on the extent to which caffeine can maintain performance as sleep deprivation continues over days has revealed that caffeine can be ineffective for maintaining alert levels of performance as time awake extends past 16 hours and in individuals with high sleep debt (Spaeth et al., 2014)
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From page 49... ...
, but improvements in objective performance have not been observed. CONCLUSION The extent to which CMV drivers utilize countermeasures for fatigue during their routine work schedules is unknown.
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From page 50... ...
Also unknown is whether their sleeping arrangements during work periods promote healthy physiological sleep continuity and duration, which are essential for optimizing waking alertness. Research is needed that can provide realistic estimates of the extent to which drivers are utilizing the above countermeasures, and the extent to which their use of those counter easure facilitates alertness and performance.
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