Risk Assessment of Proposed ARFF Standards (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 7-20
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From page 7... ...
6 CHAPTER 2 MEASURES THAT HAVE REDUCED ACCIDENT FATALITIES AND SERIOUS INJURIES This chapter presents measures that have been taken by the FAA or the aviation industry that have reduced or will reduce the number of fatalities or serious injuries associated with air carrier passenger aircraft accidents in the United States that occur on or directly adjacent to airport property. Many of these measures were adopted in response to recommendations made by the National Transportation Board (NTSB)
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7 provides the pilot with visual cues that they are approaching a runway holding position. The enhanced centerline is expected to greatly reduce the number of runway incursions where a pilot acknowledges "Hold Short" instructions but then proceeds to cross the hold position markings.
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8 Ensure that all runway ends have a runway end safety area as required by ICAO, Annex 14 or appropriate mitigation measures such as an arrestor bed. Runway safety areas are designed and graded to minimize structural damage to an aircraft that enters them and minimize injuries to the occupants.
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9 The Fatal Accident That Wasn't Fatal and Wasn't an Accident As one may surmise from its nickname, "the Mountain State," it is difficult to find a large tract of relatively flat land in West Virginia to build an airport with clear approaches to its runways. This is the task that the citizens of Kanawha County, which includes the state capitol of Charleston, faced in the 1940's when they were looking for a site to replace the existing airport that was encroached upon by a synthetic rubber plant needed for the war effort.
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10 PROTECT AIRPLANE OCCUPANTS FROM CRASH IMPACT The 16g Seat In 1988 the FAA concurrently published a final rule, "Improved Seat Safety Standards" and a notice of proposed rulemaking, "Retrofit of Improved Seats in Air Carrier Transport Category Airplanes" that upgraded the certification standards for occupant protection during emergency landing conditions in transport category airplanes from only a 9g static standard to a new 16g dynamic standard (1, 2)
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11 manufactured or refurbished after that date. The operating rule requires 16g seats be on aircraft operating under Part 121 after October 27, 2009 (8)
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12 MINIMIZE DEVELOPMENT AND SEVERITY OF CRASH FIRES General The FAA conducts research at the William J Hughes Technical Center and Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI)
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13 Time for firefighters to establish control in a ground pool fire accident measured from the time of arrival of the firefighters to the time they established control of the fire. The data was extracted from accident reports and other information published by investigating and airworthiness authorities using the Cabin Safety Research Technical Group Aircraft Accident Database as the search facility.
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14 Prior to the requirements for the insulation materials the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued Amendments 25-59, 29-23, and 121-184 on October 23, 1984, which became effective November 26, 1984.
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15 problem was that FAA had a Technical Standard Order (TSO) for single lane slides and another TSO for rafts, but nothing that covered dual lane slide/rafts.
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16 airlines do conduct exit row briefings there is no requirement to do so. Safety Recommendation A-00-77 was closed, unacceptable action on October 21, 2004.
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17 fire using at least one type of installed hand fire extinguisher or approved fire extinguisher that is appropriate for the type of actual fire or simulated fire to be fought while using the type of installed PBE required by §121.337 or approved PBE simulation device. The benefits of protecting airplane occupants from crash impact, minimizing the development and severity of crash fires, and enhancing the evacuation are all illustrated in an accident that occurred in Columbia on August 16, 2010.
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18 COORDINATE RESPONSE Airport Emergency Plan Improved crash survivability also includes rapid rescue and transportation of injured victims to medical facilities. This is accomplished through a current comprehensive Airport Emergency Plan.
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19 features, many airports acquire the new features as part of an overall equipment purchase, e.g., acquisition of a new ARFF vehicle. Some of these changes and improvements are listed below: 1.
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