Applications of Analytical Chemistry to Oceanic Carbon Cycle Studies (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 5-12
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From page 5... ...
Human perturbation of the carbon cycle, which has resulted in a 30% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1850, has the potential to produce even greater climate changes than were experienced over the last glacial cycle (Ramanathan, 19881. Chemical distributions in the ocean are also strongly influenced by human activities on local scales, particularly in the coastal ocean.
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From page 6... ...
Such knowledge is critical because primary production in the ocean acts as a "biological pump" to move carbon dioxide from the ocean surface layer, where it exchanges with the atmosphere, to the deep ocean. Future scenarios for greenhouse warming are impossible to evaluate until we understand how this "biological pump" operates.
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From page 7... ...
INTROD UCTION Cl Na Mg S04 Ca K HC03 Br B 02 si Sr F N03 Li P04 Rb 1 ~ Mo a, Ba V a' As ELI Al U Ni Zn Cu Cr Mn Fe Se Cs Cd Pb Ge Co Tl Ag La Ce Eu 7 1 1 1 -15 -12 -9 -6 Log Concentration (mol/L) -3 0 FIGURE 1 The range of concentrations for a variety of elements in seawater.
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From page 8... ...
Concentrations must often be measured with high precision to detect the chemical changes that occur with time in the ocean. The concentration of total carbon dioxide, TCO2 = [CO2]
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From page 9... ...
This information is essential if the role of the oceans in global processes is to be understood. Many organic compounds are directly measurable at natural concentrations found in the ocean by using techniques such as derivitization of amino acids and by measuring reducing sugars by pulsed amperometric detection.
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From page 10... ...
Undersampling is a particularly strong limitation on large-scale studies of globally significant processes, such as the air-sea transfer of carbon dioxide and the factors regulating oceanic primary production. The seasonal variability in parameters such as the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)
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From page 11... ...
A final objective of this report is to highlight the exciting opportunities afforded by this interdisciplinary endeavor and to encourage greater cooperation between analytical chemists and ocean scientists. Several past efforts have been aimed at bringing together practitioners of the diverging fields of marine chemistry and analytical chemistry (Goldberg, 1975, 19881.
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From page 12... ...
The development of chemical measurement technologies for ocean sciences requires cooperative efforts by scientists from these two fields and communication between them. The ocean chemistry community is a small one, whereas the analytical chemistry community represents one of the largest subdisciplines of chemistry.
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