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From page 24... ... 1 GENERAL These specifications are intended for use in the construction of bonded repair and retrofit of concrete structures using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Composite -- A combination of two or more materials differing in form or composition on a macroscale. The constituents retain their identities; they do not dissolve or merge completely into one another, although they act in concert. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... Debonding -- A separation at the interface between substrate and the reinforcing layer. Delamination -- Separation of the layers of the FRP laminate from each other. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) System -- Composite material consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with cloth, mat, strands, or any other fiber form. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... Lot -- A quantity of material manufactured during the same plant production in one continuous process and having identical characteristics throughout. In these specifications, batch is used interchangeably. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Polymer -- A compound formed by the reaction of simple molecules that permit their combination to proceed to high molecular weights under suitable conditions. Polyurethane -- A thermosetting resin prepared by the reaction of disocyanates with polyols, polyamides, alkyd polymers, and polyether polymers. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... Shelf Life -- The length of time a material, substance, product, or reagent can be stored under specified environmental conditions and continue to meet all applicable specifications or remain suitable for its intended function. Also called storage life. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Viscosity -- The property of resistance to flow exhibited within the body of a material, expressed in centipoises. A higher viscosity has higher resistance to flow. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... • 440R-96: State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Plastic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures. • 440.2R-02: Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening of Concrete Structures. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... ICRI -- International Concrete Repair Institute • No. 03730: Guide for Surface Preparation for the Repair of Deteriorated Concrete Resulting from Reinforcing Steel Corrosion. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 2.1 Working Drawings Working (shop) drawings shall include the type of FRP system, repair locations, relevant dimensions of the system, and the work plan including the necessary preparations of the existing structure. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... 1) System data sheets and MSDSs for all components of the FRP system; 2) Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... stored in a condition different from that stated above must be disposed of, as specified in Section 3.4. 3.1.2 Shelf Life All components of the FRP system, especially resins and adhesives, that have been stored longer than the shelf life specified on the system data sheet shall not be used and must be disposed of, as specified in Section 3.4. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... inform the personnel of the dangers of inhaling fumes of primer, putty, or resin and shall take all necessary precautions against injury to personnel. The resin mixing area shall be well vented to the outside. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... of the engineer prior to restoring the section. Upon removing defective concrete, and before restoring the section, the substrate shall be cleaned from any dust, laitance, grease, oil, curing compounds, impregnations, foreign particles, wax, and other bond-inhibiting materials, as per Section 4.4.6. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... The bond strength of the repair material to the existing concrete shall be a minimum of 1.4 MPa (200 psi) in the pull-off test according to ASTM D4541. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... other surface substance that may affect the bond. Voids or depressions with diameters larger than 12.7 mm (1/2 in.) Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... 4.4.4 Grooves for Near Surface Mounted FRP A groove with dimensions specified in the contract documents shall be made in the concrete, where the FRP bar or strip is to be placed. Care shall be taken to avoid local fracture of the concrete surrounding the groove. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... cific procedures for installing FRP systems may vary slightly for each system and manufacturer. 5.1 Environmental Conditions for Installation Environmental conditions shall be examined before and during installation of the FRP system to ensure conformity to the contract documents and manufacturer's recommendations. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... contract documents, or required by the engineer for safety. Shoring shall not be removed until the FRP system has fully cured and gained its design strength, as recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the engineer. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... is not sticky to the fingers. The putty shall be applied within 7 days after primer application; otherwise, the primer-coated surface shall be roughened with sandpaper or a similar tool. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... 5.4.5 Multiple-Fiber Plies In multiple-ply installations, the sequence specified in Section 5.4.4 shall be repeated for each additional fiber sheet. The amount of resin overcoat for intermediate plies is approximately 15–20% greater than a single-ply installation because the saturant serves as overcoat for the applied ply and undercoat for the next ply. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... shall be taken to avoid damage to the FRP system or to the concrete substrate. Precautions shall be taken when steel fasteners are used for carbon FRP to avoid galvanic corrosion. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... 5.5.3 Anchoring of Precured System Anchoring of precured systems is typically the same as anchoring for the FRP sheets, as specified in Section 5.4.8. 5.5.4 Grouting of Precured Shells Precured shells around concrete columns shall be grouted no less than 24 hours after installation. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... and anchored into a precut groove, as specified in Section 4.4.4. The NSM FRP system shall not be installed when surface moisture is present on the substrate or when rainfall or condensation is anticipated. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... 5.8 Protective Coating and Finishing Protective coating shall be applied on the surface of the FRP system. The coating shall be a non-vapor-barrier, flexible, waterproofing, and compatible with the FRP system. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... conducted on samples of precured or NSM FRP or witness panels of wet lay-ups, if specified in the contract documents. Any material that does not meet the requirements of the contract documents will be rejected. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... than 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) in diameter will require no corrective action, unless as specified in Section 7.2. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... ter core samples will be taken to inspect the cured laminate thickness and the number of plies. Sampling frequency will be the same as is specified in Section 6.6 unless otherwise specified in the contract documents. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... 7.1 Repair of Protective Coating Defects in protective coating can be of three types: small hairline cracks, blistering, and peeling. In all cases, moisture content of the substrate should be below 0.05% before applying a new coating. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... delamination growth is suspected between the FRP plies due to injection, the procedure shall be halted, and repair shall follow Section 7.3. 7.3 Patching of Minor Damages Minor defects are those with diameters between 32 and 152 mm (11/4 and 6 in.) Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... • Crack repair by epoxy injection by the linear meter (or linear foot) of the injected cracks; • Furnishing and placing corrosion inhibitors by the square meter (or square foot) Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. Read the entire page →

From page 24...

... 1 GENERAL These specifications are intended for use in the construction of bonded repair and retrofit of concrete structures using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites.