Technical Appendix to NCHRP Report 571: Standardized Procedures for Personal Travel Surveys (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 131-150
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125 CHAPTER 7 7. Survey Implementation 7.1 E-2: ETHICS 7.1.1 Definition Ethics describe minimum acceptable standards of conduct or practice.
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126 maintain that the appearance of mailing materials is of considerable importance for households to take a survey seriously (Dillman, 2000)
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127 Figure 9: Motivators of Mail Survey Response Behavior and their Operationalization Source: Cavusgil and Elvey-Kirk (1998) The appearance of the mailing package should not resemble marketing material.
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128 7.3 E-4: RESPONDENT QUESTIONS 7.3.1 Introduction In virtually any travel survey, respondents have concerns regarding the legitimacy of the survey and those conducting it. While some of these concerns may be addressed in a cover letter, the typical survey has more nuances than may be explained in a single (or even double)
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129 hotline activity was presented in the Dallas-Fort Worth Household Travel Survey Report on Survey Methods (NCTCOG, 1996)
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130 • List Frequently Asked Questions; • Provide email addresses and telephone contacts for assistance or for further information; • Provide the ability to download survey materials; • Permit respondents to complete the survey on-line (in some instances) ; and • If the web site is provided by the survey data collection entity, link to the websites of the sponsoring agencies (or agency)
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131 Caller ID Listing It has been suggested that any impact call screening does have on response rates could be improved if the Caller ID were to display the name of the agency commissioning the survey, or even a name of state government, or other entity involved in funding or commissioning the survey. In a survey conducted through a state university, Link and Oldendick (1999)
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132 transportation issues. Detailed information on the call dispositions of each monthly survey is posted on the BTS website (BTS, 2002)
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133 • As a reminder in advance of their assigned travel day; and • During the process of retrieving travel information. A review of recent household travel surveys indicates that the practice of leaving a message when an answering machine was reached on the initial screening call varied, but that all left messages during the reminder and retrieval phases.
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134 Reminder Calls Completely Spoke with Household 6,051 67.5 49.2 Answering Machine Message 1,272 14.2 43.2 Other (Refused to participate, disconnected number, language barrier, etc.) 593 6.6 0 Attempted-No Contact 1,055 11.8 32.1 No Contact Attempted 427 -- 30.2 Total: 9,398 100.0 A recent study of non-response in the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)
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135 7.6.2 Genuine and False Non-Mobility Users of travel survey data frequently assume that a high percentage of reports of non-mobility is an indicator of poor survey technique. To use reliably the percent of non-mobile surveys as an indicator of survey quality, a standard set of questions must be asked and, at a minimum, the percent of non-mobile persons be routinely reported.
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136 • In a few surveys, all or a sample of persons who reported no trips received a follow-up telephone call for verification; and • Other surveys have asked respondents to provide reasons why they did not leave the house on the diary day (gently challenging questions)
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137 7.7 E-11: RECORDING TIME OF DAY 7.7.1 Definition This item refers to coding time of day values for database entry. This item relates to how data are recorded (i.e., entered by the interviewer)
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138 7.8.2 Analysis Standardizing the time of day to begin and end reporting is more a convenience to make surveys clearly compatible and comparable, and probably has little overall effect on survey quality. However, some diaries fail to specify start and end times, or only a start time and not an end time, leading to problems as to the actual period of reporting.
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139 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 12: Trip Start Times for Dallas-Fort Worth 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 13: Trip End Times for Dallas-Fort Worth 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 14: Trip Start Times for the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Area
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140 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 15: Trip End Times for the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Region 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 16: Trip Start Times for Phoenix 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 17: Trip End Times for Phoenix
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141 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 18: Trip Start Times for South East Florida 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 19: Trip End Times for South East Florida 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 20: Trip Start Times for Salt Lake City
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142 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 21: Trip End Times for Salt Lake City 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 22: Trip Start Times for Merged and Weighted Files 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trip Times Pe rc en t Figure 23: Trip End Times for Merged and Weighted Files
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143 Table 75: Percentages of Trips Starting and Ending in the Early Morning Hours NYC Phoenix DFW OKI SEF SLC Merged Trip Times Start End Start End Start End Start End Start End Start End Start End 12:011:00am 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 1:012:00am 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 2:013:00am 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.1 0.1 3:014:00am 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Total 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 7.9 E-13: CREATION OF ID NUMBERS 7.9.1 Introduction Each completed survey requires a unique identification number. In addition, if data are retained on incomplete households, then all contacted households require a unique identification number.
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144 previous example is drawn from the county that is coded 3, is a 4-person household with 2 cars. The ID number could be either 34201537 or 342038.
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