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51 5 Highway Modes Simulation Modules 5.1 Common Elements to All Highway Vehicles The ‘Bus-Simulation' and ‘LDV-Simulation' worksheets are structured in a similar way to one another. The main difference is due to the fact that intercity and commuter coaches do not vary significantly by manufacturer while light duty vehicles vary significantly by class and by manufacturer within specific classes.
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52 Figure 5. Highway Vehicle Simulation Sheets Layout color legend (primary purpose of Sheet)
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53 The top part of the simulation area simulates vehicle performance at fixed cruise speeds (as input in the ‘Bus-Route' or ‘LDV-Route' worksheet) in ‘cruise' mode with fuel output in kg/kmof-travel.
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54 The ‘LDV-Resist' worksheet also includes a processor to generate data for fleet average composite vehicles in future years. The algorithm of the preprocessor assumes that 50% of the difference in fleet-average fuel economy of the new model year relative to the 2011 sales-weighted fleet is due to drive-train efficiency (engine and/or transmission efficiency is scaled by 50% of the fuel economy difference)
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55 Figure 6. Creep Drive Schedule (0.9 km/h)
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56 Figure 8 illustrates a congested traffic condition which could be encountered on either freeway or non-freeway roads.
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57 Urban freeways have several drive schedules to simulate the degree of congestion. Each has an average speed associated with congestion conditions.
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58 Figure 11. Urban Freeway LDV Free-flow - 119 km/h Drive Schedule Source: Derived from EPA Drive Schedules used in MOVES.
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59 Figure 13. Urban Freeway LOS-E - 75 km/h Drive Schedule Note: This is the LDV drive schedule, the Bus drive schedule is the same except the speed peaks are capped at 65 mph (29 m/s)
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60 Figure 15. Short Urban Freeway Access LDV Drive Schedule (EPA-US06)
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