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From page 65...
... C-1 A p p e n d i x C The WHaMRAT User Guide Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this Appendix have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version (posted on the web at www.trb.org)
From page 66...
... C-2 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Appendix C: Contents 1.0 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT ................................................................................................ C-4 1.1 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Wildlife Data Worksheet -- Overview ...................................
From page 67...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-3 2.10 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet -- User Data Entry for Current Wildlife Mitigation by Guild ................................................................................... C-41 2.11 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet -- User Data Entry for Future Wildlife Mitigation by Guild .....................................................................................
From page 68...
... C-4 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 1.0 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT The Wildlife Hazard Management Risk Assessment Tool (WHaMRAT) is designed to assist wildlife and airport managers in assessing the wildlife risk to aircraft operations.
From page 69...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-5 Figure 1: WHaMRAT Detailed Model Overview Source: BASH Inc. Wildlife Data Worksheet Operations Data Worksheet Input Presence/absence of incompatible habitats by distance from airport categories Output Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score Input Wildlife Data Presence Groups/Guilds Likelihood of Strike Input Number of monthly average operations by aircraft class Calculation Wildlife Severity x Likelihood of Strike Calculation Aircraft Operations Tempo and Class Output Wildlife Risk Score Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet Results Worksheet Calculation Habitats by Distance from Airport Input Level of mitigation of incompatible habitats by distance from airport categories Calculation Mitigation by Distance from Airport (both current and future)
From page 70...
... C-6 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Figure 2: EZ-Version Wildlife Severity vs. Likelihood of Strike Matrix Source: WHaMRAT (BASH Inc.)
From page 71...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-7 Figure 3: EZ-Version Wildlife Risk vs. Operations Adjustment Matrix Source: WHaMRAT (BASH Inc.)
From page 72...
... C-8 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 1.1 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Wildlife Data Worksheet -- Overview The Wildlife Data Worksheet is the foundation of the entire WHaMRAT (Figure 4)
From page 73...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-9 Severity Score that represents the average body mass of all species contained within that guild (Attachments 2 and 3)
From page 74...
... C-10 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Guilds Severity If flocks ≥ 10 5 Grassland Birds 1 Blackbirds/Starlings 1 If flocks < 100 4 If flocks ≥ 100 5 Miscellaneous 1 Criteria for Score Severity Less than 300g 1 300-999g 2 1000-1999g 3 2000-3999g 4 Greater than 4000g 5 Source: BASH Inc. When determining severity for mammals and reptiles, the process is identical to the avian description detailed above.
From page 75...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-11 Criteria for Score Severity 0-99g 1 100-599g 2 600-1999g 3 2000-9999g 4 Greater than 10000g 5 Source: BASH Inc. Wildlife Data Worksheet Explanation -- Likelihood of Strike Assumptions: • Severity x Likelihood of Strike for 1 Guild = Wildlife Risk.
From page 76...
... C-12 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management It cannot be overstated that the effectiveness of the WHaMRAT is predicated by appropriate assignments of Wildlife Severity and Likelihood of Strike scores. The cumulative effect of the aggregate Wildlife Severity of guilds present and the associated Likelihood of Strike scores for each guild present determines an initial (current-state)
From page 77...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-13 1.3 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Operations Data Worksheet -- Overview The Operations Data Worksheet is a critical component in determining the Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score that is based on the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score (determined in the Wildlife Data Worksheet) as well as the number of monthly aircraft operations and susceptibility to damage by aircraft class, referred to as the Operations Adjustment.
From page 78...
... C-14 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS) , airports report four classes of aircraft and their total number of movements to FAA: Commercial, Air Taxi, General Aviation, and Military.
From page 79...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-15 1.5 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet -- Overview The Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet initially accounts for the presence or absence of habitats deemed incompatible with aircraft operations by FAA. These habitats, as well as the habitat distance from the airport property, influence the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score by applying a Habitat Adjustment factor.
From page 80...
... C-16 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management three additional, "user-defined" habitats unique to their situation that may attract wildlife and therefore should be taken into account. These additional habitats are identified as "User-defined." Specific incompatible habitats in the WHaMRAT include: • Solid waste open landfill.
From page 81...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-17 • Greater than 5 miles but there is wildlife movement potential across airport. 1.6 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet -- User Data Entry for Habitat Presence or Absence Within this worksheet, users will: • Incorporate information from the airport master plan, land use maps, and habitat information for the surrounding area up to 5 miles from the airport property to determine the presence of habitats that are considered incompatible with aircraft operations.
From page 82...
... C-18 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Input the level of current habitat mitigation for each incompatible habitat by placing either a 1 (low) , 2 (moderate)
From page 83...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-19 • An adjustment factor to the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score is applied based on the cumulative level of current and future wildlife mitigation practices specific to wildlife guilds that are present and identified in the Wildlife Data Worksheet. This adjustment, combined with the Operations Adjustment, results in the Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score.
From page 84...
... C-20 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 1.10 EZ-Version Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet User Data Entry for Future Wildlife Mitigation by Guild Within this worksheet, users will: 1) Determine potential changes in the level(s)
From page 85...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-21 1.11 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Results Worksheet The Results Worksheet provides the final overview of the current state of affairs relative to wildlife risk at the airport based on the user input to all previous worksheets relative to the current condition (Figure 7)
From page 86...
... C-22 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Under the individual wildlife scores (see Figure 7) is a Yes/No indication of any override in the calculation of the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score (Figure 9)
From page 87...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-23 Figure 11: Wildlife Severity vs. Likelihood of Strike Risk Matrix Source: WHaMRAT (BASH Inc.)
From page 88...
... C-24 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Figure 14: Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score Adjusted for Habitat The final adjustment to the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score is the Operations Adjustment (Figure 15)
From page 89...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-25 The final result is the Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score (Figure 17)
From page 90...
... C-26 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 1.12 The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Future-Projected Results Worksheet The Future-Projected Results worksheet provides the final overview of the future or projected wildlife risk condition at the airport based on the user input to all previous worksheets for both the current and future conditions (Figure 18)
From page 91...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-27 1.13 Summary The goal in the development of the EZ-Version WHaMRAT was to allow universal application to all airport or wildlife staff, regardless of airport size and airport operations experience. It is best practice for all airport or wildlife staff to use the EZ-Version WHaMRAT initially.
From page 92...
... C-28 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 2.0 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT The primary difference between the two versions of the WHaMRAT is the greater ability in the Advanced-Version WHaMRAT to further discriminate species presence within wildlife guilds (severity and likelihood of strike) and associated wildlife mitigation efforts at the guild and species level.
From page 93...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-29 2.1 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Wildlife Data Worksheet -- Severity Overview Assumptions: • • Severity x Likelihood of Strike for 1 Guild = Wildlife Risk. The cumulative Wildlife Risk scores of all guilds is the Aggregate Wildlife Risk.
From page 94...
... C-30 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management mass within each guild (see Attachments 4, 5, 8, and 9)
From page 95...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-31 Guild Severity Pelicans/Cormorants Pelicans 1000-1999g 3 Pelicans 2000-3999g 4 Pelicans > 4000g 5 Waders If flocks ≥ 5 5 Waders < 300g 1 Waders 300-999g 2 Waders 1000-1999g 3 Waders 2000-3999g 4 Waterfowl If flocks < 5 4 If flocks ≥ 5 5 Waterfowl 300-999g 2 Waterfowl 1000-1999g 3 Waterfowl 2000-3999g 4 Waterfowl > 4000g 5 Raptors/Vultures/Owls Raptors < 300g 1 Raptors 300-999g 2 Raptors 1000-1999g 3 Raptors 2000-3999g 4 Raptors > 4000g 5 Upland Game Birds Upland Game Birds < 300g 1 Upland Game Birds 300-999g 2 Upland Game Birds 1000-1999g 3 Upland Game Birds 2000-3999g 4 Upland Game Birds > 4000g 5 Cranes 5 Shorebirds If flocks < 20 4 If flocks ≥ 20 5 Shorebirds < 300g 1 Shorebirds 300-999g 2 (continued on next page)
From page 96...
... C-32 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Guild Severity Gulls/Terns If flocks < 10 4 If flocks ≥ 10 5 Gulls/Terns < 300g 1 Gulls/Terns 300-999g 2 Gulls/Terns 1000-1999g 3 Pigeons/Doves If flocks < 20 4 If flocks ≥ 20 5 Pigeons/Doves < 300g 1 Pigeons/Doves 300-999g 2 Parrots Parrots < 300g 1 Parrots 300-1000g 2 Aerial Foragers 1 Woodland Birds 1 Corvids If flocks < 15 4 If flocks ≥ 15 5 Corvids < 300g 1 Corvids 300-999g 2 Corvids 1000-1999g 3 Grassland Birds 1 Blackbirds/Starlings 1 If flocks < 100 4 If flocks ≥ 100 5 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous < 300g 1 Miscellaneous 300-999g 2 Criteria for Score Severity Less than 300g 1 300-999g 2 1000-1999g 3 2000-3999g 4 Greater than 4000g 5 Source: BASH Inc.
From page 97...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-33 Wildlife Data Worksheet Explanation -- Mammals and Reptiles In the Advanced-Version WHaMRAT, user input allows additional discrimination by body mass within each mammalian and reptilian guild. However, threshold levels for severity by body mass for mammals and reptiles vary significantly from those for avian guilds, as aircraft will only encounter these animals (with the exception of bats)
From page 98...
... C-34 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Guild Severity Turtles 2 Iguanas 2 Lizards/Snakes 2 Crocodiles/Alligators 5 Criteria for Score Severity 0-99g 1 100-599g 2 600-1999g 3 2000-9999g 4 Greater than 10000g 5 Source: BASH Inc.
From page 99...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-35 2.2 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Wildlife Data Worksheet -- Likelihood of Strike Overview Assumptions: • Severity x Likelihood of Strike for 1 Guild = Wildlife Risk. The cumulative Wildlife Risk scores of all guilds is the Aggregate Wildlife Risk.
From page 100...
... C-36 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management correction factors and effects on this initial Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score that may result in an increase, decrease, or no effect on this Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score. 2.3 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Wildlife Data Worksheet -- User Data Entry for Severity and Likelihood of Strike Within this worksheet, users will: • Determine the presence of body mass categories of wildlife guilds using wildlife observation data provided by a WHA, WHSV, or pertinent literature.
From page 101...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-37 2.4 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Operations Data Worksheet -- Overview By necessity, the process of user input to the Operations Data Worksheet in the AdvancedVersion WHaMRAT is identical to that in the EZ-Version WHaMRAT (Figure 20)
From page 102...
... C-38 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 2.6 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet -- Overview The Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet in the Advanced-Version WHaMRAT is identical to that in the EZ-Version WhaMRAT (Figure 21)
From page 103...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-39 Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet Explanation -- Habitat Presence or Absence and Mitigation (Current and Future) The worksheet used to input incompatible habitat presence or absence in the Advanced-Version WHaMRAT is identical to that in the EZ-Version WHaMRAT.
From page 104...
... C-40 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management • Input the level of future habitat mitigation for each incompatible habitat by placing a "1", "2", or "3" in the appropriate habitat row and distance column that indicates the distance from the airport property. If no future habitat mitigation change is planned, put an identical number into the appropriate habitat row and distance column as input during the current habitat mitigation.
From page 105...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-41 2.10 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet -- User Data Entry for Current Wildlife Mitigation by Guild Within this worksheet, users will: • Determine the level of wildlife mitigation currently in place for species within body mass guild categories present in the airport environment identified previously in Wildlife Data Worksheet. Input values will range from 1 (low)
From page 106...
... C-42 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management 2.12 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Results Worksheet The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Results Worksheet provides the final overview of the current state of affairs relative to wildlife risk at the airport based on the user input to all previous worksheets relative to the current condition (Figure 22)
From page 107...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-43 2.13 The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Future-Projected Results Worksheet The Future-Projected Results Worksheet provides the final overview of the future (projected) state of affairs relative to wildlife risk at the airport based on the user input to all previous worksheets for both the current and future conditions (Figure 23)
From page 108...
... C-44 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management application of future wildlife control and management mitigation should account for the current state of affairs while pursuing the goal of continuous reduction in wildlife risk. If mitigation is effective, then the net result should be a decrease in wildlife species/guilds present, combined with an associated reduction in the likelihood of wildlife strikes.
From page 109...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-45 3.0 The EZ-Version and Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Case Study Examples The eight case studies provided in this section are intended to assist the user by profiling common situations that may exist on an airport relative to wildlife. Each case study provides a scenario, as well as the expected result within the WHaMRAT.
From page 110...
... C-46 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management ACRP Case Study #1 -- Seasonal Flocking Behavior Model Behavior: Change in Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a change in severity and possible likelihood of strike when species demonstrate seasonal flocking behavior. Scenario: Airport A has members of the Blackbird/Starling Guild year round.
From page 111...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-47 ACRP Case Study #2 -- Changes in Guilds Present Model Behavior: Change in Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a reduction of a higher severity guild/species with an associated population increase in lower severity guild species, even though there may be an overall increase in total species abundance (likelihood of strike)
From page 112...
... C-48 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management ACRP Case Study #3 -- Change in Airport Operations Tempo Model Behavior: Change in Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a change in operations tempo. Scenario: Airport A increases its number of take-offs/landings.
From page 113...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-49 ACRP Case Study #4 -- Change in Incompatible Habitat On- or Off-Airport Model Behavior: Change in Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a change in habitat on or off-airport that influences the wildlife use of a particular habitat/location. Scenario: Through wildlife control and management activities, certain habitats are modified or changed to a different habitat.
From page 114...
... C-50 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management ACRP Case Study #5 -- Change in Habitat Mitigation on Airport Property Model Behavior: Change in Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a change in incompatible habitat on the airport property. Scenario: An airport currently conducts agriculture on its airport property.
From page 115...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-51 ACRP Case Study #6 -- Change in Wildlife Mitigation Targeted at a Specific Guild Model Behavior: Change in Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a change in mitigation targeted at a specific guild on the airport property. Scenario: An airport currently does not have a security perimeter fence.
From page 116...
... C-52 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management ACRP Case Study #7 -- Change in Wildlife Mitigation on Airport Infrastructure Model Behavior: Change in Overall Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score associated with a change in wildlife mitigation associated with infrastructure on the airport property. Scenario: An airport notices increasing perching behavior, particularly with Red-tailed Hawks, American Kestrels, and Eastern Meadowlarks on runway edge lighting, runway approach lights, and varied antennas and structures on or in close proximity to the operating surfaces.
From page 117...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-53 ACRP Case Study #8 -- User Input of Wildlife Identified at the Species Level (Case Study Example Pertinent to the Advanced-Version WHaMRAT) Model Behavior: Input of wildlife at the species level and the associated user input of likelihood in the Advanced-Version of WHaMRAT providing more resolute discrimination of risk within guilds.
From page 118...
... C-54 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Attachment 1: Avian and Non-Avian Guilds Used in the WHaMRAT Avian Guilds 1) Waterbirds – Loons, Grebes, Coots, Limpkins, Rails, Moorhens, Gallinules, Crakes 2)
From page 119...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-55 Non-Avian Guilds Mammals 1) Rodents – Beavers, Squirrels, Rats, Mice, Ground Squirrels, Shrews, Prairie Dogs, Marmots, Chipmunks, Pocket Gophers, Voles, Lemmings 2)
From page 120...
... C-56 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Attachment 2: The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Avian Guild and Severity Scores Weights expressed in grams (g) Guilds Severity Waterbirds 2 Seabirds 2 Pelicans/Cormorants 4 Waders 2 If flocks ≥ 5 5 Waterfowl 3 If flocks < 5 4 If flocks ≥ 5 5 Raptors/Vultures/Owls 2 Upland Game Birds 2 If Turkeys 5 Cranes 5 Shorebirds 1 If flocks < 15 4 If flocks ≥ 15 5 Gulls/Terns 2 If flocks < 10 4 If flocks ≥ 10 5 Pigeons/Doves 1 If flocks < 20 4 If flocks ≥ 20 5 Parrots 1 Aerial Foragers 1 Woodland Birds 1 Corvids 2 If flocks < 10 4 If flocks ≥ 10 5 Grassland Birds 1 Blackbirds/Starlings 1 If flocks < 100 4 If flocks ≥ 100 5 Miscellaneous 1 Criteria for Score Severity Less than 300g 1 300-999g 2 1000-1999g 3 2000-3999g 4 Greater than 4000g 5 Source: BASH Inc.
From page 121...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-57 Attachment 3: The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Mammalian and Reptilian Guild and Severity Scores Weights expressed in grams (g) Guilds Severity Rodents 2 Lagomorphs 4 Bats 1 Mesomammals 4 Canids 5 Felids 5 Hooved 5 Bears 5 Turtles 2 Iguanas 2 Lizards/Snakes 2 Crocodiles/Alligators 5 Criteria for Score Severity 0-99g 1 100-599g 2 600-1999g 3 2000-9999g 4 Greater than 10000g 5 Source: BASH Inc.
From page 122...
... C-58 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Attachment 4 : Advanced-Version Avian Guild and Severity Scores Weights expressed in grams (g) Guild Severity Waterbirds Waterbirds < 300g 1 Waterbirds 300-999g 2 Waterbirds 1000-1999g 3 Waterbirds 2000-3999g 4 Waterbirds > 4000g 5 Seabirds Seabirds < 300g 1 Seabirds 300-999g 2 Seabirds 1000-1999g 3 Seabirds 2000-3999g 4 Pelicans/Cormorants Pelicans 1000-1999g 3 Pelicans 2000-3999g 4 Pelicans > 4000g 5 Waders If flocks ≥ 5 5 Waders 300-999g 2 Waders 1000-1999g 3 Waders 2000-3999g 4 Waders > 4000g 5 Waterfowl If flocks < 5 4 If flocks ≥ 5 5 Waterfowl 300-999g 2 Waterfowl 1000-1999g 3 Waterfowl 2000-3999g 4 Waterfowl > 4000g 5 Raptors/Vultures/Owls Raptors < 300g 1 Raptors 300-999g 2 Raptors 1000-1999g 3 Raptors 2000-3999g 4 Raptors > 4000g 5 Upland Game Birds Upland Game Birds < 300g 1 Upland Game Birds 300-999g 2 Upland Game Birds 1000-1999g 3 Upland Game Birds 2000-3999g 4 Upland Game Birds > 4000g 5 Cranes 5 (continued on next page)
From page 123...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-59 Guild Severity Shorebirds If flocks < 20 4 If flocks ≥ 20 5 Shorebirds < 300g 1 Shorebirds 300-999g 2 Gulls/Terns If flocks < 10 4 If flocks ≥ 10 5 Gulls/Terns < 300g 1 Gulls/Terns 300-999g 2 Gulls/Terns 1000-1999g 3 Pigeons/Doves If flocks < 20 4 If flocks ≥ 20 5 Pigeons/Doves < 300g 1 Pigeons/Doves 300-999g 2 Parrots Parrots < 300g 1 Parrots 300-999g 2 Parrots 1000-3999g 3 Aerial Foragers 1 Woodland Birds 1 Corvids If flocks < 15 4 If flocks ≥ 15 5 Corvids < 300g 1 Corvids 300-999g 2 Corvids 1000-1999g 3 Grassland Birds 1 Blackbirds/Starlings 1 If flocks < 100 4 If flocks ≥ 100 5 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous < 300g 1 Miscellaneous 300-999g 2 Criteria for Score Severity Less than 300g 1 300-999g 2 1000-1999g 3 2000-3999g 4 Greater than 4000g 5 Source: BASH Inc.
From page 124...
... C-60 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Attachment 5: The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Mammalian Guild and Severity Scores Weights expressed in grams (g) Guild Severity Rodents Rodents < 100g 1 Rodents 100-599g 2 Rodents 600-1999g 3 Rodents 2000-9999g 4 Rodents > 10000g 5 Lagomorphs Lagomorphs 100-599g 2 Lagomorphs 2000-9999g 4 Bats Bats < 100g 1 Bats 100-600g 2 Mesomammals Mesomammals 100-599g 2 Mesomammals 600-1999g 3 Mesomammals 2000-9999g 4 Mesomammals > 10000g 5 Canids Canids 2000-9999g 4 Canids > 10000g 5 Felids Felids 600-1999g 3 Felids > 10000g 5 Hooved Hooved > 10000g 5 Bears Bears > 10000g 5 Criteria for Score Severity 0-99g 1 100-599g 2 600-1999g 3 2000-9999g 4 Greater than 10000g 5 Source: BASH Inc.
From page 125...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-61 Attachment 6: The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Avian Species List by Guild and Severity Score Waterbirds Severity Individual 3 Common Name Scientific Name Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata Arctic Loon Gavia arctica Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica Common Loon Gavia immer Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis Clark's Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis Corn Crake Crex crex Ridgway's Rail Rallus obsoletus Clapper Rail Rallus crepitans King Rail Rallus elegans Virginia Rail Rallus limicola Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajaneus Sora Porzana carolina Paint-billed Crake Neocrex erythrops Spotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus Azure Gallinule Porphyrio flavirostris Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Hawaiian Coot Fulica alai American Coot Fulica americana Sungrebe Heliornis fulica (continued on next page)
From page 126...
... C-62 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Seabirds Severity Individual 2 Common Name Scientific Name Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta Salvin's Albatross Thalassarche salvini Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans Light-mantled Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata Laysan Albatross Phoebastria immutabilis Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Great-winged Petrel Pterodroma macroptera Providence Petrel Pterodroma solandri Zino's Petrel Pterodroma madeira Kermadec Petrel Pterodroma neglecta Trindade Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma ultima Mottled Petrel Pterodroma inexpectata Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata Juan Fernandez Petrel Pterodroma externa Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis White-necked Petrel Pterodroma cervicalis Bonin Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca Black-winged Petrel Pterodroma nigripennis Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae Cook's Petrel Pterodroma cookii Stejneger's Petrel Pterodroma longirostris Phoenix Petrel Pterodroma alba Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii Jouanin's Petrel Bulweria fallax Parkinson's Petrel Procellaria parkinsoni Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii Pink-footed Shearwater Puffinus creatopus (continued on next page)
From page 127...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-63 Seabirds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 128...
... C-64 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Seabirds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 129...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-65 Pelicans/Cormorants (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 130...
... C-66 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Waders (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 131...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-67 Waterfowl (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 132...
... C-68 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Waterfowl (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 133...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-69 Raptors/Vultures/Owls (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 134...
... C-70 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Raptors/Vultures/Owls (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 135...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-71 Upland Game Birds (Continued) Severity Score (Continued)
From page 136...
... C-72 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Shorebirds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 137...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-73 Shorebirds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 138...
... C-74 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Shorebirds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 139...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-75 Gulls/Terns (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 140...
... C-76 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Gulls/Terns (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 141...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-77 Parrots Severity Individual 1 Common Name Scientific Name Galah Eolophus roseicapilla Tanimbar Corella Cacatua goffiniana Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita Salmon-crested Cockatoo Cacutua moluccensis Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata Pale-headed Rosella Platycercus adscitus Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Rosy-faced Lovebird Agapornis roseicollis Fischer's Lovebird Agapornis fischeri Yellow-collared Lovebird Agapornis personatus Gray Parrot Psittacus erithacus Rueppell's Parrot Poicephalus rueppellii Senegal Parrot Poicephalus senegalus Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus Tui Parakeet Brotogeris sanctithomae White-winged Parakeet Brotogeris versicolurus Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Orange-chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis White-crowned Parrot Pionus senilis Festive Parrot Amazona festiva Red-spectacled Parrot Amazona pretrei Red-crowned Parrot Amazona viridigenalis Lilac-crowned Parrot Amazona finschi Red-lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis Yellow-headed Parrot Amazona oratrix Yellow-shouldered Parrot Amazona barbadensis Turquoise-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva White-fronted Parrot Amazona albifrons Hispaniolan Parrot Amazona ventralis Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa (continued on next page)
From page 142...
... C-78 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Parrots (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 143...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-79 Aerial Foragers (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 144...
... C-80 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 145...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-81 Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 146...
... C-82 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 147...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-83 Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 148...
... C-84 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 149...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-85 Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 150...
... C-86 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 151...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-87 Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 152...
... C-88 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 153...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-89 Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 154...
... C-90 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 155...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-91 Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 156...
... C-92 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 157...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-93 Corvids (Continued) Severity (Continued)
From page 158...
... C-94 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Blackbirds/Starlings Severity Individual 1 If Flocks < 100 4 If Flocks ≥ 100 5 Common Name Scientific Name European Starling Sturnus vulgaris Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius humeralis Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater Miscellaneous Severity Individual 1 Common Name Scientific Name Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus Lesser Roadrunner Geococcyx velox Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus Source: BASH Inc
From page 159...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-95 Attachment 7: The EZ-Version WHaMRAT Mammalian Species List by Guild and Severity Score Rodents Common Name Scientific Name Aplodontia Aplodontia rufa American beaver Castor canadensis Woodland jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius Western jumping mouse Zapus princeps Pacific jumping mouse Zapus trinotatus North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Southeastern pocket gopher Geomys pinetis Desert pocket gopher Geomys arenarius Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius Jones's pocket gopher Geomys knoxjonesi Texas pocket gopher Geomys personatus Baird's pocket gopher Geomys breviceps Llano pocket gopher Geomys texensis Attwater's pocket gopher Geomys attwateri Yellow-faced pocket gopher Cratogeomys castanops Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides Western pocket gopher Thomomys mazama Botta's pocket gopher Thomomys bottae Southern pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus Wyoming pocket gopher Thomomys clusius Idaho pocket gopher Thomomys idahoensis Mountain pocket gopher Thomomys monticola Townsend's pocket gopher Thomomys townsendii Camas pocket gopher Thomomys bulbivorus Mexican spiny pocket mouse Liomys irroratus Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii Gulf Coast kangaroo rat Dipodomys compactus Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat Dipodomys microps Panamint kangaroo rat Dipodomys panamintinus Stephen's kangaroo rat Dipodomys stephensi Narrow-faced kangaroo rat Dipodomys venustus Agile kangaroo rat Dipodomys agilis Dulzura kangaroo rat Dipodomys simulans California kangaroo rat Dipodomys californicus Heermann's kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni (continued on next page)
From page 160...
... C-96 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens Banner-tailed kangaroo rat Dipodomys spectabilis Texas kangaroo rat Dipodomys elator Desert kangaroo rat Dipodomys deserti Merriam's kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami San Joaquin kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides Dark kangaroo mouse Microdipodops megacephalus Pale kangaroo mouse Microdipodops pallidus Olive-backed pocket mouse Perognathus fasciatus Plains pocket mouse Perognathus flavescens Great Basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus White-eared pocket mouse Perognathus alticola Silky pocket mouse Perognathus flavus Merriam's pocket mouse Perognathus merriami Little pocket mouse Perognathus longimembris Arizona pocket mouse Perognathus amplus San Joaquin pocket mouse Perognathus inornatus Bailey's pocket mouse Chaetodipus baileyi Baja pocket mouse Chaetodipus rudinoris Hispid pocket mouse Chaetodipus hispidus Desert pocket mouse Chaetodipus penicillatus Chihuahuan pocket mouse Chaetodipus eremicus Rock pocket mouse Chaetodipus intermedius Nelson's pocket mouse Chaetodipus nelsoni San Diego pocket mouse Chaetodipus fallax California pocket mouse Chaetodipus californicus Spiny pocket mouse Chaetodipus spinatus Long-tailed pocket mouse Chaetodipus formosus Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Red-bellied squirrel Sciurus aureogaster Eastern fox squirrel Sciurus niger Mexican fox squirrel Sciurus nayaritensis Arizona gray squirrel Sciurus arizonensis Western gray squirrel Sciurus griseus Abert's squirrel Sciurus aberti American red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Douglas's squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans Harris's antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus harrisii (continued on next page)
From page 161...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-97 Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name White-tailed antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus leucurus Texas antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus interpres Nelson's antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus nelsoni Black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus White-tailed prairie dog Cynomys leucurus Utah prairie dog Cynomys parvidens Gunnison's prairie dog Cynomys gunnisoni Woodchuck Marmota monax Yellow-bellied marmot Marmota flaviventris Hoary marmot Marmota caligata Alaska marmot Marmota broweri Olympic Marmot Marmota olympus Vancouver Island marmot Marmota vancouverensis California ground squirrel Otospermophilus beecheyi Rock squirrel Otospermophilus variegatus Golden-mantled ground squirrel Callospermophilus lateralis Cascade ground squirrel Callospermophilus saturatus Mohave ground squirrel Xerospermophilus mohavensis Spotted ground squirrel Xerospermophilus spilosoma Round-tailed ground squirrel Xerospermophilus tereticaudus Franklin's ground squirrel Poliocitellus franklinii Mexican ground squirrel Ictidomys mexicanus Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Ictidomys tridecemlineatus Uinta ground squirrel Urocittelus armatus Belding's ground squirrel Urocittelus beldingi Idaho ground squirrel Urocittelus richardsonii Merriam's ground squirrel Urocittelus canus Columbian ground squirrel Urocittelus columbianus Wyoming ground squirrel Urocittelus elegans Arctic ground squirrel Urocittelus parryii Townsend's ground squirrel Urocittelus townsendii Great Basin ground squirrel Urocittelus mollis Columbia Plateau ground squirrel Urocittelus canus Washington ground squirrel Urocittelus washingtoni Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Alpine chipmunk Tamias alpinus Least chipmunk Tamias minimus Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus Townsend's chipmunk Tamias townsendii Allen's chipmunk Tamias senex (continued on next page)
From page 162...
... C-98 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Yellow-cheeked chipmunk Tamias ochrogenys Siskiyou chipmunk Tamias siskiyou Sonoma chipmunk Tamias sonomae Merriam's chipmunk Tamias merriami California chipmunk Tamias obscurus Cliff chipmunk Tamias dorsalis Colorado chipmunk Tamias quadrivittatus Hopi chipmunk Tamias rufus Red-tailed chipmunk Tamias ruficaudus Gray-footed chipmunk Tamias canipes Gray-collared chipmunk Tamias cinereicollis Long-eared chipmunk Tamias quadrimaculatus Lodgepole chipmunk Tamias speciosus Panamint chipmunk Tamias panamintinus Uinta chipmunk Tamias umbrinus Palmer's chipmunk Tamias palmeri Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Beach vole Microtus breweri Montane vole Microtus montanus Gray-tailed vole Microtus canicaudus California vole Microtus californicus Townsend's vole Microtus townsendii Tundra vole Microtus oeconomus Long-tailed vole Microtus longicaudus Creeping vole Microtus oregoni Rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus Taiga vole Microtus xanthognathus Prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus Woodland vole Microtus pinetorum Singing vole Microtus miurus Insular vole Microtus abbreviatus Water vole Microtus richardsoni Sagebrush vole Lemmiscus curtatus White-footed vole Arborimus albipes Red tree vole Arborimus longicaudus Sonoma tree vole Arborimus pomo Western heather vole Phenacomys intermedius Eastern heather vole Phenacomys ungava Western red-backed vole Myodes californicus (continued on next page)
From page 163...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-99 Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Southern red-backed vole Myodes gapperi Northern red-backed vole Myodes rutilus Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi Brown lemming Lemmus trimucronatus Northern collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Ungave collared lemming Dicrostonyx hudsonius Richardson's collared lemming Dicrostonyx richardsoni Common muskrat Ondatra zibethicus Round-tailed muskrat Neofiber alleni Eastern woodrat Neotoma floridana Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister Southern Plains woodrat Neotoma micropus Western white-throated woodrat Neotoma albigula Eastern white-throated woodrat Neotoma leucodon Desert woodrat Neotoma lepida Arizona woodrat Neotoma devia Stephens's woodrat Neotoma stephensi Mexican woodrat Neotoma mexicana Dusky-footed woodrat Neotoma fuscipes Big-eared woodrat Neotoma macrotis Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea Northern pygmy mouse Baiomys taylori Golden mouse Ochrotomys nuttalli Cactus mouse Peromyscus eremicus Northern Baja mouse Peromyscus fraterculus Mesquite mouse Peromyscus merriami California mouse Peromyscus californicus Oldfield mouse Peromyscus polionotus Keen's mouse Peromyscus keeni American deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus Cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus Canyon mouse Peromyscus crinitus White-ankled mouse Peromyscus pectoralis Brush mouse Peromyscus boylii Texas mouse Peromyscus attwateri Pinon mouse Peromyscus truei Osgood's mouse Peromyscus gratus Northern pocket mouse Peromyscus nasutus (continued on next page)
From page 164...
... C-100 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Florida mouse Podomys floridanus Plains harvest mouse Reithrodontomys montanus Eastern harvest mouse Reithrodontomys humulis Western harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis Salt-marsh harvest mouse Reithrodontomys raviventris Fulvous harvest mouse Reithrodontomys fulvescens Northern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster Southern grasshopper mouse Onychomys torridus Mearn's grasshopper mouse Onychomys arenicola Hispid cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus Arizona cotton rat Sigmodon arizonae Tawny-bellied cotton rat Sigmodon fulviventer Yellow-nosed cotton rat Sigmodon ochrognathus Coues's rice rat Oryzomys couesi Marsh rice rat Oryzomys palustris House mouse Mus musculus Black rat Rattus rattus Norway rat Rattus norvegicus Nutria Myocastor coypus Northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda Southern short-tailed shrew Blarina carolinensis Elliot's short-tailed shrew Blarina hylophaga Least shrew Cryptotis parva Desert shrew Notiosorex crawfordi Arctic shrew Sorex arcticus Maritime shrew Sorex maritimensis Tundra shrew Sorex tundrensis Alaska tiny shrew Sorex yukonicus Marsh shrew Sorex bendirii American water shrew Sorex palustris Smoky shrew Sorex fumeus Rock shrew Sorex dispar Gaspe shrew Sorex gaspensis Barren ground shrew Sorex ugyunak Saint Lawrence Island shrew Sorex jacksoni Pribilof Island shrew Sorex hydrodromus Masked shrew Sorex cinereus Hayden's shrew Sorex haydeni Mount Lyell shrew Sorex lyelli Southeastern shrew Sorex longirostris (continued on next page)
From page 165...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-101 Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Preble's shrew Sorex preblei Pacific shrew Sorex pacificus Fog shrew Sorex sonomae Baird's shrew Sorex bairdi Montane shrew Sorex monticolus New Mexico shrew Sorex neomexicanus Vagrant shrew Sorex vagrans Ornate shrew Sorex ornatus Dwarf shrew Sorex nanus Inyo shrew Sorex tenellus Pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi Arizona shrew Sorex arizonae Merriam's shrew Sorex merriami Trowbridge's shrew Sorex trowbridgii American shrew mole Neurotrichus gibbsii Broad-footed mole Scapanus latimanus Coast mole Scapanus orarius Townsend's mole Scapanus townsendii Hairy-tailed mole Parascalops breweri Eastern mole Scalopus aquaticus Star-nosed mole Condylura cristata Lagomorphs Common Name Scientific Name Collared pika Ochotona collaris American pika Ochotona princeps Pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis Brush rabbit Sylvilagus bachmani Swamp rabbit Sylvilagus aquaticus Marsh rabbit Sylvilagus palustris Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus Mountain cottontail Sylvilagus nuttallii Desert cottontail Sylvilagus audubonii European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus Alaskan hare Lepus othus Arctic hare Lepus arcticus White-tailed jackrabbit Lepus townsendii Black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus (continued on next page)
From page 166...
... C-102 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Lagomorphs (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name White-sided jackrabbit Lepus callotis Antelope jackrabbit Lepus alleni European hare Lepus capensis Bats Common Name Scientific Name Western pipistrelle Pipistrellus hesperus Eastern pipistrelle Pipistrellus subflavus Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus Evening bat Nycticeius humeralis Southern yellow bat Lasiurus ega Western yellow bat Lasiurus xanthinus Northern yellow bat Lasiurus intermedius Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis Western red bat Lasiurus blossevillii Seminole bat Lasiurus seminolus Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus Spotted bat Euderma maculatum Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii Townsend's big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii California myotis Myotis californicus Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii Yuma myotis Myotis yumanensis Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus Arizona myotis Myotis occultus Indiana myotis Myotis sodalis Southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius Cave myotis Myotis velifer Gray myotis Myotis grisescens Long-legged myotis Myotis volans Northern myotis Myotis septentrionalis Southwestern myotis Myotis auriculus Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis Keen's myotis Myotis keenii Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus Western bonneted bat Eumops perotis Underwood's bonneted bat Eumops underwoodi Little mastiff bat Molossus molossus (continued on next page)
From page 167...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-103 Bats Common Name Scientific Name Pocketed free-tailed bat Nyctinomops femorosaccus Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis Brazilian free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla California leaf-nosed bat Macrotus californicus Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Allen's big-eared bat Idionycteris phyllotis Cuban flower bat Phyllonycteris poeyi Mexican long-tongued bat Choeronycteris mexicana Buffy flower bat Erophylla sezekorni Hairy-legged vampire bat Diphylla ecaudata Lesser long-nosed bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Mexican long-nosed bat Leptonycteris nivalis Jamaican fruit-eating bat Artibeus jamaicensis Cuban fig-eating bat Phyllops falcatus Mesomammals Common Name Scientific Name Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana Nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus Ringtail Bassariscus astutus Northern raccoon Procyon lotor White-nosed coati Nasua narica Western spotted skunk Spilogale gracilis Eastern spotted skunk Spilgale putorius Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis White-backed hog-nosed skunk Conepatus leuconotus Hooded skunk Mephitis macroura American marten Martes americana Fisher Martes pennanti Least weasel Mustela nivalis Short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata American mink Mustela vison Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes Wolverine Gulo gulo American badger Taxidea taxus Northern river otter Lontra canadensis (continued on next page)
From page 168...
... C-104 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Canids Common Name Scientific Name Coyote Canis latrans Domestic/feral dog Canis familiiaris Gray wolf Canis lupus Eastern timber wolf Canis lycaon Red wolf Canis rufus Arctic fox Alopex lagopus Swift fox Vulpes velox Kit fox Vulpes macrotis Red fox Vulpes vulpes Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus Island gray fox Urocyon littoralis Felids Common Name Scientific Name Cougar Puma concolor Ocelot Leopardus pardalis Jaguarundi Herpailurus yagouaroundi Bobcat Lynx rufus Canada lynx Lynx canadensis Jaguar Panthera onca Domestic/feral cat Felis catus Hooved Common Name Scientific Name Wild boar Sus scrofa Collared peccary Tayassu tajacu Elk Cervus elaphus Sika deer Cervus nippon Sambar deer Cervus unicolor Axis deer Axis axis Fallow deer Dama dama White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus Moose Alces alces Caribou Rangifer tarandus Pronghorn Antilocapra americana Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus American bison Bos bison Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus Muskox Ovibos moschatus (continued on next page)
From page 169...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-105 Hooved Common Name Scientific Name Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis Dall's sheep Ovis dalli European mouflon Ovis musimon Feral donkey Equus asinus Feral horse Equus ferus Bears Common Name Scientific Name Black bear Ursus americanus Brown bear Ursus arctos Polar bear Ursus maritimus Source BASH Inc.
From page 170...
... C-106 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Attachment 8: The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Avian Species List by Guild and Severity Score Weights expressed in grams (g) Waterbirds Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 171...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-107 Waterbirds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 172...
... C-108 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Seabirds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 173...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-109 Seabirds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 174...
... C-110 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Seabirds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 175...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-111 Waders (Continued) If Flocks ≥ 5 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 176...
... C-112 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Waterfowl (Continued) If Flocks < 5 4 If Flocks ≥ 5 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 177...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-113 Waterfowl (Continued) If Flocks < 5 4 If Flocks ≥ 5 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 178...
... C-114 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Raptors/Vultures/Owls (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 179...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-115 Raptors/Vultures/Owls (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 180...
... C-116 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Upland Game Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 181...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-117 Upland Game Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 182...
... C-118 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Shorebirds (Continued) If Flocks < 20 4 If Flocks ≥ 20 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 183...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-119 Shorebirds (Continued) If Flocks < 20 4 If Flocks ≥ 20 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 184...
... C-120 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Shorebirds (Continued) If Flocks < 20 4 If Flocks ≥ 20 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 185...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-121 Gulls/Terns (Continued) If Flocks < 10 4 If Flocks ≥ 10 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 186...
... C-122 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Pigeons/Doves If Flocks < 20 4 If Flocks ≥ 20 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass) Severity Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Scaly-naped Pigeon Patagioenas squamosa Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Red-billed Pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 African Collared-Dove Streptopelia roseogrisea Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 European Turtle-Dove Streptopelia turtur Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Zebra Dove Geopelia striata Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Inca Dove Columbina inca Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Key West Quail-Dove Geotrygon chrysia Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Zenaida Dove Zenaida aurita Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura Pigeons/Doves <300g 1 Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata Pigeons/Doves 300999g 2 Parrots Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 187...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-123 Parrots (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 188...
... C-124 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Parrots (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 189...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-125 Aerial Foragers (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 190...
... C-126 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 191...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-127 Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 192...
... C-128 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 193...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-129 Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 194...
... C-130 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 195...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-131 Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 196...
... C-132 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 197...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-133 Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 198...
... C-134 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 199...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-135 Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 200...
... C-136 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 201...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-137 Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 202...
... C-138 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Woodland Birds (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 203...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-139 Corvids If Flocks < 15 4 If Flocks ≥ 15 5 Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass) Severity Fish Crow Corvus ossifragus Corvids 300-999g 2 Hawaiian Crow Corvus hawaiiensis Corvids 300-999g 2 Chihuahuan Raven Corvus cryptoleucus Corvids 300-999g 2 Common Raven Corvus corax Corvids 1000-1999g 3 Grassland Birds Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 204...
... C-140 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Blackbirds/Starlings Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass) Severity European Starling Sturnus vulgaris Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius humeralis Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater Blackbirds/Starlings <300g 1 Miscellaneous Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 205...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-141 Attachment 9: The Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Mammalian Species List by Guild and Severity Score Weights expressed in grams (g) Rodents Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 206...
... C-142 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 207...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-143 Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 208...
... C-144 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 209...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-145 Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 210...
... C-146 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 211...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-147 Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 212...
... C-148 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Rodents (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 213...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-149 Bats Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass) Severity Western pipistrelle Pipistrellus hesperus Bats <100g 1 Eastern pipistrelle Pipistrellus subflavus Bats <100g 1 Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus Bats <100g 1 Evening bat Nycticeius humeralis Bats <100g 1 Southern yellow bat Lasiurus ega Bats <100g 1 Western yellow bat Lasiurus xanthinus Bats <100g 1 Northern yellow bat Lasiurus intermedius Bats <100g 1 Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis Bats <100g 1 Western red bat Lasiurus blossevillii Bats <100g 1 Seminole bat Lasiurus seminolus Bats <100g 1 Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus Bats <100g 1 Spotted bat Euderma maculatum Bats <100g 1 Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii Bats <100g 1 Townsend's big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii Bats <100g 1 California myotis Myotis californicus Bats <100g 1 Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum Bats <100g 1 Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii Bats <100g 1 Yuma myotis Myotis yumanensis Bats <100g 1 Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus Bats <100g 1 Arizona myotis Myotis occultus Bats <100g 1 Indiana myotis Myotis sodalis Bats <100g 1 Southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius Bats <100g 1 Cave myotis Myotis velifer Bats <100g 1 Gray myotis Myotis grisescens Bats <100g 1 Long-legged myotis Myotis volans Bats <100g 1 Northern myotis Myotis septentrionalis Bats <100g 1 Southwestern myotis Myotis auriculus Bats <100g 1 Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis Bats <100g 1 Keen's myotis Myotis keenii Bats <100g 1 Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes Bats <100g 1 Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus Bats <100g 1 Western bonneted bat Eumops perotis Bats <100g 1 Underwood's bonneted bat Eumops underwoodi Bats <100g 1 Little mastiff bat Molossus molossus Bats <100g 1 Pocketed free-tailed bat Nyctinomops femorosaccus Bats <100g 1 Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis Bats <100g 1 (continued on next page)
From page 214...
... C-150 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Bats (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 215...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-151 Mesomammals (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 216...
... C-152 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Hooved (Continued) Common Name Scientific Name Guild (Mass)
From page 217...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-153 Attachment 10: Technical Aspects of the WHaMRAT 10.1 Overview The Wildlife Hazard Management Risk Assessment Tool (WHaMRAT) is a decision support tool to assist airports in identifying and mitigating the risk associated with wildlife present during aircraft operations.
From page 218...
... C-154 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Figure 25: Graphical Representation of the Tool Design 10.3 Overall Assumptions and Design Considerations There are some overall assumptions that affect the design of the model/tool. These are listed and discussed below: • Risk is a function of wildlife body mass of wildlife on and around the airport.
From page 219...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-155 • Risk increases with the number of monthly average aircraft movements. The more aircraft movements (takeoffs and landings)
From page 220...
... C-156 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Algorithm: • Multiply Likelihood of Strike input by Severity parameter for each species present to obtain the Risk Number [Risk Number = Likelihood of Strike x Severity]
From page 221...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-157 Figure 26: Graph of Wildlife Scoring Function The assumption that more wildlife biomass on an airport increases risk forced the calculations necessary to calculate the % of Probable, since the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score function needs to be monotonically increasing. The calculations are designed so that the results track with known data and subject matter expert opinion of the risk of certain mixes of wildlife.
From page 222...
... C-158 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management • Sum the Weighted Operations Risk Number for each aircraft class to obtain Aggregate Operations Risk Number. [Aggregate Operations Risk Number = k (Operations Risk Number Class k)
From page 223...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-159 10.6 Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet Overview: The Habitat and Mitigation Worksheet takes the type of habitat, its distance from airport operations, and the habitat mitigation techniques in place and calculates a Habitat Adjustment factor to the Aggregate Wildlife Risk Score. A normal, standard airport habitat was developed by subject matter experts and this standard habitat was scored using the scoring algorithm.
From page 224...
... C-160 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Algorithm: • Based upon the user input of habitat on and around the airport, calculate the Habitat Raw Score with mitigation for each incompatible habitat. The Habitat Raw Score is calculated by assigning points based upon the existence of the incompatible habitat at the various distances from airport operations.
From page 225...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-161 10.7 Results and Future-Projected Results Worksheets Overview: The Results and Future-Projected Results Worksheets compile the calculated results and present a graphical depiction of Likelihood of Strike vs. Wildlife Severity and another graphical representation of Operations Adjustment vs.
From page 226...
... C-162 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management • Calculate the Percentage of Probable Severity Points by dividing the Total Severity Points by the Maximum Probable Severity Points. [Percentage of Probable Severity Points = (Total Severity Points)
From page 227...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-163 than zero, then projected mitigation efforts will not reduce the likelihood of strike value to less than 1. • Operations Data Worksheet – All calculations are the same but the airport's monthly average movements are read from the future operations table on the Operations worksheet.
From page 228...
... C-164 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management EZ-Version WHaMRAT Quick Start Guide The EZ-Version Wildlife Hazard Management Risk Assessment Tool (EZ-Version WHaMRAT) is designed to assist wildlife and airport managers in assessing the wildlife risk to aircraft operations.
From page 229...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-165 A Once you have completed the Operations Data input, click the arrow at the top of the page to move to the Habitat and Mitigation Data Worksheet.
From page 230...
... C-166 Applying an SMS Approach to Wildlife Hazard Management Advanced-Version WHaMRAT Quick Start Guide The Advanced-Version Wildlife Hazard Management Risk Assessment Tool (Advanced-Version WHaMRAT) is designed to assist wildlife and airport managers in assessing the wildlife risk to aircraft operations.
From page 231...
... The WHaMRAT User Guide C-167 A Once you have completed the Operations Data input, click the arrow at the top of the page to move to the Habitat and Mitigation Data Worksheet.
From page 232...
... Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)
From page 233...
... TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED ISBN 978-0-309-37479-8 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 3 7 4 7 9 8 9 0 0 0 0 A pplying an SM S A pproach to W ildlife H azard M anagem ent A CRP Report 145 TRB

Key Terms



This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.