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From page 51...
... 52 chapter six CONCLUSIONS Synthesis Topic 45-05 gathered information on the current practices regarding the selection, use, design, construction, and quality control of large diameter open-ended piles (LDOEPs) for transportation structures.
From page 52...
... 53 important component of design and testing. The large size and high required test loads can make measuring the full setup of an LDOEP difficult and expensive; therefore, the full potential for setup is not known.
From page 53...
... 54 LDOEPs is increasing. Even with the general lack of confidence, most agencies apply high-strain dynamic testing to verify axial resistance as well as to establish hammer operating procedures to minimize the risk of pile damage.

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