Understanding Airport Air Quality and Public Health Studies Related to Airports (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 11-21
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From page 11... ...
11 C H A P T E R 3 This chapter provides an overview of the issues and components related to understanding airport air quality contributions. 3.1 Airport Source Characteristics Airport emissions sources include those involving the combustion of fossil fuels and various fugitive sources.
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12 Understanding Airport Air Quality and Public Health Studies Related to Airports 3.1.2 Equipment Power Settings Equipment power settings refer to the mode of operation of equipment such as an aircraft, GAV, or GSE. The settings are important since both the emission factors and types of pollutants emitted can vary significantly from one mode to another.
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Airport Air Quality Background 13 stationary source equipment such as power plants, incinerators, etc., also have different modes of operation even though emissions from such sources are typically assessed assuming constant, average emission factors. 3.1.3 Fuel Types Several types of fuels are used at airports.
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14 Understanding Airport Air Quality and Public Health Studies Related to Airports be described through the following approximate rank where the first source -- aircraft -- are generally the highest emitters: • Aircraft in the landing and take-off (LTO) phase; • Road vehicles on airport landside roads and on the road network around the airport; • Ground support equipment (GSE)
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Airport Air Quality Background 15 of operations (e.g., Thursdays between 5:00 p.m.
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16 Understanding Airport Air Quality and Public Health Studies Related to Airports to predominantly southwest in the summer as is the case at New York's John F Kennedy International Airport (JFK)
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Airport Air Quality Background 17 3.7.1 Emissions Modeling The first steps in any air quality modeling work are those related to quantifying emissions. Modeling emissions for airport sources is similar to those for other industries since many of the sources are the same (e.g., GAVs are the same sources as those found on highways and boilers/ incinerators are similar to those found in industrial applications)
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From page 18... ...
18 Understanding Airport Air Quality and Public Health Studies Related to Airports and activity data can be complicated -- for example, they are typically dependent on power settings for many equipment types. Emission factors for aircraft, GSE, and GAVs are dependent on power settings (or modes of operation)
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From page 19... ...
Airport Air Quality Background 19 on a Gaussian methodology and is the regulatory workhorse model used for most local air quality assessments. AERMOD represents the state of the art in the current scientific understanding of the dispersive nature of the atmosphere.
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20 Understanding Airport Air Quality and Public Health Studies Related to Airports that may cause difficulties in obtaining good samples, measurements are generally considered to provide the best information because they represent real-world values. Uncertainties in measurements can vary depending on the types of equipment employed.
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From page 21... ...
Airport Air Quality Background 21 Pollutant Sampling Description Equipment CO Continuous sampling Reference or equivalent method (i.e., nondispersive infrared) CO Short-term or hot-spot sampling Air sampling units with the reference or equivalent method used to test captured air NOx Continuous sampling Reference or equivalent method (i.e., chemiluminescence)
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