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From page 174... ... problems in current practice, 3, 4, 11, 12, 26-27, 30-34, 82-91, 119120 site classification, 13, 66-75, 84-85 site comparisons, 88-89 social values implicit in, 3-4, 29 soil-vegetation inventory, 143-144 successional stage model, 59-62, 7576, 86-92 three-phase matrix, 129 trend and apparent trend, 26, 81-82, 96 At-risk rangeland definition, 6, 36 early warning of transition to, 4346, 48 identifying boundaries of, 7-8, 3638, 123 nutrient distribution in, 125 recovery mechanisms in, 126 soil stability in, 124 B Black grama grassland, 32-33 BLM. See Bureau of Land Management Boundaries of healthy/unhealthy monitoring system, 12-14, 151 152 ecosystems National Resources Inventory, 147- defining, 7-8, 36-38, 132 148 health criteria in identifying, 123 nutrient distribution in assessment need for consistency In, 4, 13, 34, 85 of, 119-120, 125-126 soil conditions in assessment of, 123-124 174 Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... INDEX See also Threshold of rangeland health Bureau of the Census, 135 Bureau of Land Management, 58, 138, 156 175 trend identification, 26, 81-82, 96 See also Threshold of rangeland health Clean Water Act, 139 Climatic conditions in climax community development, assessment practices, 13, 15, 31, 61 62, 63, 66, 74-75, 80-81, 85, 87, 59, 60 104, 143-144, 154 in defining range sites, 67 current rangeland assessments, 24- in ecosystem change, 38, 42 25 extreme environments, 49-50 inventorying and monitoring activities of, 36, 43, 146 National Environmental Policy Act compliance, 139 role of, 6, 14, 18, 23, 30, 63, 109, 110, 136, 140, 143, 148-149 in transition to standardized assessment, 16, 156 C Change processes black grama grassland to desert shrubland, 32-33 boundary identification, 7-8, 36-37 climax community concept, 58-59, 60-61, 62, 63, 66-67, 75-76, 77, 8081,86,88,89 ecological status evaluation, 80-81 episodic events, 42 initial conditions in determining, 91 irreversibility, 8, 37, 38, 39, 42-43, 47 models of, 46-47, 127-128 monitoring system for, 14, 153 multifactorial model, 92-93 perennial grassland to woody vegetation, 39, 44 45 perennial to annual grassland, 40-41 range condition evaluation, 75-80 recovery mechanism activities, 42, 120-121 recovery mechanism indicators, 11 soil degradation, 93, 97, 98-99 succession-retrogression model, 6162, 75-76, 89-92 succession stages model, 38-39, 42, 59-61, 86-88 extreme events, 42 in grazing effects, 38 monitoring of, 48 Climax community in current assessment practices, 63, 75-76, 77, 80-81 as management goal, 94 objections to, in assessment, 83-84, 86, 88, 127 in rangeland assessment, 59-62 in site classification, 66-67 site comparisons, 89 theoretical development, 58-59 D Data collection area sampling technique, 147 Bureau of Land Management, 148 149, 150 development of, for rangeland assessment, 58-63 General Accounting Office, 150 independent review of, 15-16, 154 155 legislatively-mandated efforts, 138 146 National Resources Inventory, 147 148 needs, 3, 26, 27-28 nutrient cycling indicators, 118-119 sampling system, 13-14, 153 social values in decisions regarding, 3-4,29 soil condition surveys, 110 in transition to standardized assessment, 14-16 Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... roslon current trends, 24-25 data collection, 15-16, 154 deposition processes, 108 pedestaling, 104, 108 as rangeland health criterion, 97-98, 132 rills and gullies in assessing, 24, 104, 105 sheet and scour, 24, 104, 105-108 in soil degradation process, 8-9, 39, 98-99, 102-103 as soil stability indicator, 9, 104-105 in transition from perennial to annual grassland, 40, 41 F Federal Land Policy and Management Act, 23, 143 RANGELAND HEALTH Field evaluation, 129-132 Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act, 140-141 Forest Service, U.S., 22, 143, 156 assessment practices, 13, 15, 31, 6162,63,66,74,80-81,85,87, 154 current rangeland assessments, 24-25 in development of assessment theory, 51, 135-136 inventorying and monitoring activities of, 36, 43, 144-145, 146 role of, 6, 14, 18, 30, 63, 109, 110, 140, 144, 149-150 in transition to standardized assessment, 16, 156 General Accounting Office, 25, 150 Grasslands transition from perennial to annual, 40-41 transition to woody vegetation, 39, 44 45 Grazing, 12 climatic factors in effects of, 38 controversy, 30-31 extent of, on rangelands, 19-20 historic development, 20-22, 51 legislation, 136, 139, 145-146 in range condition assessment, 76 in soil degradation, 100-101 in transition from grassland to woody vegetation, 39, 14 45 in transition from perennial to annual grassland, 40-41 Idaho, 88-89, 90-91 Inventorying / monitoring current practice, 146-151 development of, 51-58, 134-138 early warning line in, 43-46 role of, 5-6, 36, 48~9 See also National inventorying and monitoring system Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... INDEX J Jornada Experimental Range, 32-33 L Legislation environmental, 23, 138-139 inventorying /monitoring, 146 national resource management, 140146 rangeland management, 22-23, 136, 139, 145-146 M Mesquite, 32-33, 44-45 Minimum data set, 12, 13 Minimum ecological standard, 5, 95, 96 Models erosion, 9, 104-105 research needs, 9, 11, 127-128 succession-retrogression, 90-92 Multifactorial assessment, 8, 15-16, 92-93, 154 Multiple use, 94 Multiple Use and Sustained Yield Act, 23 N National Environmental Policy Act, 138-139 National Forest Management Act, 144145 National inventorying and monitoring system implementation of, 14, 152 minimum data set, 12, 13 role of, 12, 146, 151-152 sampling system, 13-14, 153 standards for, 12-13, 151, 152 transition to, 14-16, 153-156 See also Inventorying/monitoring National Range Handbook, 63, 66, 94 National Resources Inventory, 13, 15, 24, 26, 142, 147 177 National Wildlife Federation, 150 Natural Resources Defense Council, 150 Nevada, 87-88 Non-native species, 74, 84 Nutrient cycling in assessing rangeland health boundaries, 125-126 effectiveness in, 112-115 energy flow and, 9-10, 115-117 plant community structure in measurement of, 118-119 as rangeland health criterion, 8, 910, 98, 117-119 research needs, 11, 119-120 soil degradation and, 100 o Ownership of rangelands, 1, 18 federal lands, 18-19, 22-23, 148-149 historical development, 135 nonfederal lands, 18, 21, 147-148 recreational use fees, 21 p Perennial grassland transition to annual grassland, 40-41 transition to woody shrubland, 4445 Plant biology age-class distribution, 11, 120-121 in assessment of range condition, 75-77, 83-84, 87-88 climax community concept, 7, 58-59, 60-61, 62, 66-67, 75-76, 80-81, 89 community structure, 118-119 distribution as health indicator, 119 in early assessment methodology, 57-58, 59-61 in ecosystem sustainability, 34 energy flow, 9-10, 115-117 in multifactorial approach to assessment, 15, 92-93, 154 non-successional model, 90-91 nutrient cycling, 9-10, 112-115 Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... 178 plant vigor, 11, 96, 121-122 rainfall in threshold changes of, 42 in rangeland change states, 36-37, 38-39, 46~7 rangeland diversity, 18-19 in rangeland management goals, 94 95 recovery mechanism assessments, 11, 120-121 seed development, 11, 42, 96, 122 in site classification, 66-69, 74-75, 84-85 soil degradation effects on, 100, 129 succession-retrogression model, 61 62, 75-76, 89-92 successional stage model, 59-61, 86 89 topography as factor in, 69-74 transition from grassland to woody vegetation, 39, 44-45 transition from perennial to annual grassland, 40-41 Potential natural community, 66, 7475,80-81,83-84,86,88 See also Climax community Primary succession, 38 Productivity of rangelands, 1, 19-21, 28, 29-30, 48-49, 95-96 Public Land Law Review Commission, 138 Public Rangelands Improvement Act, 145-146 R Rainfall pathways, 101-102 in threshold change, 42 in transition from grassland to woody shrubland, 44~5 Range condition assessment, 2, 13, 16, 26, 31, 63, 75-80 See also Assessment methodology Range site, 66, 84 See also Site classification Rangeland diversity, 18-19 RANGELAND HEALTH Rangeland health boundaries of, 7-8, 36-38, 123-127 categories of, 6, 35-36 concern for, historical development of, 21-23,27, 30-31 criteria, 8-11, 97-98, 132 current conditions, 24-26, 28 definition, 4-5, 34-35, 48 in extreme environments, 49-50 human interactions and, 20-22 nutrient cycling in, 8, 9-10, 97-98, 115, 117-119 nutrient distribution in, 119-120, 125-126 plant community characteristics, 121-122 plant distribution as indicator of, 119, 120, 121 in rangeland management, 5, 16-17, 47-50, 95-96 recent legislation, 138-146 recovery mechanisms, 8, 10-11, 42, 98, 120-121, 123 resource value rating, 94-96 responsibility for assessment of, 4, 63 role of assessment, 3-4, 5-6, 12, 1617, 27-28, 29-30, 35, 47-49 role of watersheds in, 20 sampling system, 13-14, 153 soil properties and, 11-12, 128-129 soil surface indicators in, 9, 14-15, 99, 104-108, 153-154 stage of succession in, 86-88, 90-92 standards for, 4-5, 30-34 terminology, 1, 63-66, 75, 87 threats to, 1, 28, 30 trends, 24, 26, 81-82, 96 see also Assessment methodology Rangeland management federal, 22-23 goals, 16-17, 94-95 legislation, 145-146 minimum standard for, 5, 47-48, 9596 public concern over, 27, 30-31 rangeland health in, 5, 16-17, 47-50, 95-96 Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... INDEX responsibility for, 18, 31, 63 uses of rangeland, 19-21 watershed management, 20 Recovery mechanisms assessment criteria, 120-121, 123 as criteria of rangeland health, 8, 9798 research needs, 11, 123, 133 role of, 10-11, 120 seeding, 42 Recreational value of rangelands, 19, 21 Research needs data collection, 3, 26, 27-28 models of rangeland change, 11, 127-128 nutrient cycling, 11, 119-120, 133 recovery mechanism indicators, 11, 123, 133 sampling system, 13 soil properties in rangeland health, 11-12, 128-129 soil surface assessment, 14-15, 108109, 132-133 soil surveys, 110 Resource value rating, 94-96 Resources Conservation Act, 15, 23, 154 Resources Planning Act, 15, 23, 140, 149, 154 Rio Grande Plains, 44-45 Riparian areas current status, 25-26 definition, 18-19 S Sampling systems, 13-14, 147, 153 SCS. See Soil Conservation Service Secondary succession, 38-39 Site classification alternatives to, 84-85 methodology, 13, 66-75 problems in current practices, 82-84 sampling systems, 13-14, 147, 153 Site comparison, 88-89 Social values, 3-4, 29 179 Society for Range Management,- 24, 26, 48, 62, 84, 94-95, 99, 150 Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act, 23, 141-142, 147 Soil conditions A-horizon, 105 in assessing rangeland health boundaries, 37, 123-124 as criteria of rangeland health, 4-5, 6, 8-9, 34-35, 97-98, 132 current assessment of, 24-25 in identifying trends, 81-82 linked to stage of succession, 86-87 in multifactorial approach to assessment, 15-16, 92-93, 154-155 in rangeland health, research needed in, 11-12, 128-129 in site classification, 66, 67-69, 85 soil stability, 8-9, 82, 97-98, 103-105, 123-124, 132 soil surface assessment, 9, 14-15, 99, 10~105, 108-109, 132-133, 153154 survey needs, 110 topography, 69-74 See also Erosion; Soil degradation Soil Conservation Service, 156 assessment practices, 13, 15, 31, 6162, 63, 66, 74, 75-80, 85, 154 current rangeland assessments, 2425 inventorying and monitoring activities of, 36, 43, 141, 146, 147 role of, 6, 14, 18, 23, 30, 63, 109, 110, 136-137, 140 in transition to standardized assessment, 16, 156 Soil degradation cause of, 30 effects of, 8-9, 39, 99-100 environmental factors in, 100-101 processes, 93, 98-99 watershed function and, 101-103 Soil tolerance level, 24 Soil-vegetation inventory method, 143-144 Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... . assessing recovery mecnamsms in, 126 climatic conditions in, 42 definition, 8, 37-38, 42 destructive change processes, 39 difficulty of crossing, 42-43 grass to woody vegetation, 39 modeling of, 11,127-128 monitoring of, 43-46 soil conditions as indicators of, 99 stable to degraded soil, 39 RANGELAND HEALTH in succession-retrogression models, 91-92 See also Boundaries of healthy/ unhealthy ecosystems Topography, in site classification, 6974 U Unhealthy rangeland definition, 6, 36 identifying boundaries of, 7-8, 3638,123 naturally-occurring, 49-50 nutrient distribution in, 125-126 recovery mechanisms in, 126 soil stability/watershed function in, 124, 132 USES. Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... , 198 pp., ISBN 0-309-04390-5 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education in the Field: A Proceedings (1991) , 448 pp., ISBN 0-309-04578-9 Toward Sustainability: A Plan for Collaborative Research on Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (1991) Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... , 128 pp., ISBN 0-30903989-4; diskette included Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Sixth Revised Edition, Update 1989 (1989) , 168 pp., ISBN 0-309-03826-X; diskette included Nutrient Requirements of Swine, Ninth Revised Edition (1988) Read the entire page →

From page 174...

... problems in current practice, 3, 4, 11, 12, 26-27, 30-34, 82-91, 119120 site classification, 13, 66-75, 84-85 site comparisons, 88-89 social values implicit in, 3-4, 29 soil-vegetation inventory, 143-144 successional stage model, 59-62, 7576, 86-92 three-phase matrix, 129 trend and apparent trend, 26, 81-82, 96 At-risk rangeland definition, 6, 36 early warning of transition to, 4346, 48 identifying boundaries of, 7-8, 3638, 123 nutrient distribution in, 125 recovery mechanisms in, 126 soil stability in, 124 B Black grama grassland, 32-33 BLM. See Bureau of Land Management Boundaries of healthy/unhealthy monitoring system, 12-14, 151 152 ecosystems National Resources Inventory, 147- defining, 7-8, 36-38, 132 148 health criteria in identifying, 123 nutrient distribution in assessment need for consistency In, 4, 13, 34, 85 of, 119-120, 125-126 soil conditions in assessment of, 123-124 174

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From page 175...

... INDEX See also Threshold of rangeland health Bureau of the Census, 135 Bureau of Land Management, 58, 138, 156 175 trend identification, 26, 81-82, 96 See also Threshold of rangeland health Clean Water Act, 139 Climatic conditions in climax community development, assessment practices, 13, 15, 31, 61 62, 63, 66, 74-75, 80-81, 85, 87, 59, 60 104, 143-144, 154 in defining range sites, 67 current rangeland assessments, 24- in ecosystem change, 38, 42 25 extreme environments, 49-50 inventorying and monitoring activities of, 36, 43, 146 National Environmental Policy Act compliance, 139 role of, 6, 14, 18, 23, 30, 63, 109, 110, 136, 140, 143, 148-149 in transition to standardized assessment, 16, 156 C Change processes black grama grassland to desert shrubland, 32-33 boundary identification, 7-8, 36-37 climax community concept, 58-59, 60-61, 62, 63, 66-67, 75-76, 77, 8081,86,88,89 ecological status evaluation, 80-81 episodic events, 42 initial conditions in determining, 91 irreversibility, 8, 37, 38, 39, 42-43, 47 models of, 46-47, 127-128 monitoring system for, 14, 153 multifactorial model, 92-93 perennial grassland to woody vegetation, 39, 44 45 perennial to annual grassland, 40-41 range condition evaluation, 75-80 recovery mechanism activities, 42, 120-121 recovery mechanism indicators, 11 soil degradation, 93, 97, 98-99 succession-retrogression model, 6162, 75-76, 89-92 succession stages model, 38-39, 42, 59-61, 86-88 extreme events, 42 in grazing effects, 38 monitoring of, 48 Climax community in current assessment practices, 63, 75-76, 77, 80-81 as management goal, 94 objections to, in assessment, 83-84, 86, 88, 127 in rangeland assessment, 59-62 in site classification, 66-67 site comparisons, 89 theoretical development, 58-59 D Data collection area sampling technique, 147 Bureau of Land Management, 148 149, 150 development of, for rangeland assessment, 58-63 General Accounting Office, 150 independent review of, 15-16, 154 155 legislatively-mandated efforts, 138 146 National Resources Inventory, 147 148 needs, 3, 26, 27-28 nutrient cycling indicators, 118-119 sampling system, 13-14, 153 social values in decisions regarding, 3-4,29 soil condition surveys, 110 in transition to standardized assessment, 14-16

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From page 176...

... roslon current trends, 24-25 data collection, 15-16, 154 deposition processes, 108 pedestaling, 104, 108 as rangeland health criterion, 97-98, 132 rills and gullies in assessing, 24, 104, 105 sheet and scour, 24, 104, 105-108 in soil degradation process, 8-9, 39, 98-99, 102-103 as soil stability indicator, 9, 104-105 in transition from perennial to annual grassland, 40, 41 F Federal Land Policy and Management Act, 23, 143 RANGELAND HEALTH Field evaluation, 129-132 Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act, 140-141 Forest Service, U.S., 22, 143, 156 assessment practices, 13, 15, 31, 6162,63,66,74,80-81,85,87, 154 current rangeland assessments, 24-25 in development of assessment theory, 51, 135-136 inventorying and monitoring activities of, 36, 43, 144-145, 146 role of, 6, 14, 18, 30, 63, 109, 110, 140, 144, 149-150 in transition to standardized assessment, 16, 156 General Accounting Office, 25, 150 Grasslands transition from perennial to annual, 40-41 transition to woody vegetation, 39, 44 45 Grazing, 12 climatic factors in effects of, 38 controversy, 30-31 extent of, on rangelands, 19-20 historic development, 20-22, 51 legislation, 136, 139, 145-146 in range condition assessment, 76 in soil degradation, 100-101 in transition from grassland to woody vegetation, 39, 14 45 in transition from perennial to annual grassland, 40-41 Idaho, 88-89, 90-91 Inventorying / monitoring current practice, 146-151 development of, 51-58, 134-138 early warning line in, 43-46 role of, 5-6, 36, 48~9 See also National inventorying and monitoring system

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From page 177...

... INDEX J Jornada Experimental Range, 32-33 L Legislation environmental, 23, 138-139 inventorying /monitoring, 146 national resource management, 140146 rangeland management, 22-23, 136, 139, 145-146 M Mesquite, 32-33, 44-45 Minimum data set, 12, 13 Minimum ecological standard, 5, 95, 96 Models erosion, 9, 104-105 research needs, 9, 11, 127-128 succession-retrogression, 90-92 Multifactorial assessment, 8, 15-16, 92-93, 154 Multiple use, 94 Multiple Use and Sustained Yield Act, 23 N National Environmental Policy Act, 138-139 National Forest Management Act, 144145 National inventorying and monitoring system implementation of, 14, 152 minimum data set, 12, 13 role of, 12, 146, 151-152 sampling system, 13-14, 153 standards for, 12-13, 151, 152 transition to, 14-16, 153-156 See also Inventorying/monitoring National Range Handbook, 63, 66, 94 National Resources Inventory, 13, 15, 24, 26, 142, 147 177 National Wildlife Federation, 150 Natural Resources Defense Council, 150 Nevada, 87-88 Non-native species, 74, 84 Nutrient cycling in assessing rangeland health boundaries, 125-126 effectiveness in, 112-115 energy flow and, 9-10, 115-117 plant community structure in measurement of, 118-119 as rangeland health criterion, 8, 910, 98, 117-119 research needs, 11, 119-120 soil degradation and, 100 o Ownership of rangelands, 1, 18 federal lands, 18-19, 22-23, 148-149 historical development, 135 nonfederal lands, 18, 21, 147-148 recreational use fees, 21 p Perennial grassland transition to annual grassland, 40-41 transition to woody shrubland, 4445 Plant biology age-class distribution, 11, 120-121 in assessment of range condition, 75-77, 83-84, 87-88 climax community concept, 7, 58-59, 60-61, 62, 66-67, 75-76, 80-81, 89 community structure, 118-119 distribution as health indicator, 119 in early assessment methodology, 57-58, 59-61 in ecosystem sustainability, 34 energy flow, 9-10, 115-117 in multifactorial approach to assessment, 15, 92-93, 154 non-successional model, 90-91 nutrient cycling, 9-10, 112-115

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From page 178...

... 178 plant vigor, 11, 96, 121-122 rainfall in threshold changes of, 42 in rangeland change states, 36-37, 38-39, 46~7 rangeland diversity, 18-19 in rangeland management goals, 94 95 recovery mechanism assessments, 11, 120-121 seed development, 11, 42, 96, 122 in site classification, 66-69, 74-75, 84-85 soil degradation effects on, 100, 129 succession-retrogression model, 61 62, 75-76, 89-92 successional stage model, 59-61, 86 89 topography as factor in, 69-74 transition from grassland to woody vegetation, 39, 44-45 transition from perennial to annual grassland, 40-41 Potential natural community, 66, 7475,80-81,83-84,86,88 See also Climax community Primary succession, 38 Productivity of rangelands, 1, 19-21, 28, 29-30, 48-49, 95-96 Public Land Law Review Commission, 138 Public Rangelands Improvement Act, 145-146 R Rainfall pathways, 101-102 in threshold change, 42 in transition from grassland to woody shrubland, 44~5 Range condition assessment, 2, 13, 16, 26, 31, 63, 75-80 See also Assessment methodology Range site, 66, 84 See also Site classification Rangeland diversity, 18-19 RANGELAND HEALTH Rangeland health boundaries of, 7-8, 36-38, 123-127 categories of, 6, 35-36 concern for, historical development of, 21-23,27, 30-31 criteria, 8-11, 97-98, 132 current conditions, 24-26, 28 definition, 4-5, 34-35, 48 in extreme environments, 49-50 human interactions and, 20-22 nutrient cycling in, 8, 9-10, 97-98, 115, 117-119 nutrient distribution in, 119-120, 125-126 plant community characteristics, 121-122 plant distribution as indicator of, 119, 120, 121 in rangeland management, 5, 16-17, 47-50, 95-96 recent legislation, 138-146 recovery mechanisms, 8, 10-11, 42, 98, 120-121, 123 resource value rating, 94-96 responsibility for assessment of, 4, 63 role of assessment, 3-4, 5-6, 12, 1617, 27-28, 29-30, 35, 47-49 role of watersheds in, 20 sampling system, 13-14, 153 soil properties and, 11-12, 128-129 soil surface indicators in, 9, 14-15, 99, 104-108, 153-154 stage of succession in, 86-88, 90-92 standards for, 4-5, 30-34 terminology, 1, 63-66, 75, 87 threats to, 1, 28, 30 trends, 24, 26, 81-82, 96 see also Assessment methodology Rangeland management federal, 22-23 goals, 16-17, 94-95 legislation, 145-146 minimum standard for, 5, 47-48, 9596 public concern over, 27, 30-31 rangeland health in, 5, 16-17, 47-50, 95-96

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From page 179...

... INDEX responsibility for, 18, 31, 63 uses of rangeland, 19-21 watershed management, 20 Recovery mechanisms assessment criteria, 120-121, 123 as criteria of rangeland health, 8, 9798 research needs, 11, 123, 133 role of, 10-11, 120 seeding, 42 Recreational value of rangelands, 19, 21 Research needs data collection, 3, 26, 27-28 models of rangeland change, 11, 127-128 nutrient cycling, 11, 119-120, 133 recovery mechanism indicators, 11, 123, 133 sampling system, 13 soil properties in rangeland health, 11-12, 128-129 soil surface assessment, 14-15, 108109, 132-133 soil surveys, 110 Resource value rating, 94-96 Resources Conservation Act, 15, 23, 154 Resources Planning Act, 15, 23, 140, 149, 154 Rio Grande Plains, 44-45 Riparian areas current status, 25-26 definition, 18-19 S Sampling systems, 13-14, 147, 153 SCS. See Soil Conservation Service Secondary succession, 38-39 Site classification alternatives to, 84-85 methodology, 13, 66-75 problems in current practices, 82-84 sampling systems, 13-14, 147, 153 Site comparison, 88-89 Social values, 3-4, 29 179 Society for Range Management,- 24, 26, 48, 62, 84, 94-95, 99, 150 Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act, 23, 141-142, 147 Soil conditions A-horizon, 105 in assessing rangeland health boundaries, 37, 123-124 as criteria of rangeland health, 4-5, 6, 8-9, 34-35, 97-98, 132 current assessment of, 24-25 in identifying trends, 81-82 linked to stage of succession, 86-87 in multifactorial approach to assessment, 15-16, 92-93, 154-155 in rangeland health, research needed in, 11-12, 128-129 in site classification, 66, 67-69, 85 soil stability, 8-9, 82, 97-98, 103-105, 123-124, 132 soil surface assessment, 9, 14-15, 99, 10~105, 108-109, 132-133, 153154 survey needs, 110 topography, 69-74 See also Erosion; Soil degradation Soil Conservation Service, 156 assessment practices, 13, 15, 31, 6162, 63, 66, 74, 75-80, 85, 154 current rangeland assessments, 2425 inventorying and monitoring activities of, 36, 43, 141, 146, 147 role of, 6, 14, 18, 23, 30, 63, 109, 110, 136-137, 140 in transition to standardized assessment, 16, 156 Soil degradation cause of, 30 effects of, 8-9, 39, 99-100 environmental factors in, 100-101 processes, 93, 98-99 watershed function and, 101-103 Soil tolerance level, 24 Soil-vegetation inventory method, 143-144

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From page 180...

... . assessing recovery mecnamsms in, 126 climatic conditions in, 42 definition, 8, 37-38, 42 destructive change processes, 39 difficulty of crossing, 42-43 grass to woody vegetation, 39 modeling of, 11,127-128 monitoring of, 43-46 soil conditions as indicators of, 99 stable to degraded soil, 39 RANGELAND HEALTH in succession-retrogression models, 91-92 See also Boundaries of healthy/ unhealthy ecosystems Topography, in site classification, 6974 U Unhealthy rangeland definition, 6, 36 identifying boundaries of, 7-8, 3638,123 naturally-occurring, 49-50 nutrient distribution in, 125-126 recovery mechanisms in, 126 soil stability/watershed function in, 124, 132 USES.

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From page 181...

... , 198 pp., ISBN 0-309-04390-5 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education in the Field: A Proceedings (1991) , 448 pp., ISBN 0-309-04578-9 Toward Sustainability: A Plan for Collaborative Research on Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (1991)

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From page 182...

... , 128 pp., ISBN 0-30903989-4; diskette included Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Sixth Revised Edition, Update 1989 (1989) , 168 pp., ISBN 0-309-03826-X; diskette included Nutrient Requirements of Swine, Ninth Revised Edition (1988)

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INDEX Pages 174-182

INDEX
Pages 174-182