Service Life of Culverts (2015) / Chapter Skim
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CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY 3 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Objective and Background, 3 Scope, 3 Study Approach, 3 4 CHAPTER TWO SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE OF THE PRACTICE Pipe Material Types, 4 Service Life, 5 Agency Policies, Systems, and Experiences, 6 General State of the Practice Survey Observations, 6 8 CHAPTER THREE DEGRADATION MECHANISMS Corrosion, 8 Abrasion, 11 Combined Effect of Corrosion and Abrasion, 13 Other Durability Factors, 14 19 CHAPTER FOUR PIPE MATERIALS Concrete Pipe, 19 Metal Pipe, 23 Thermoplastic Pipe, 30 Ductile Iron Pipe, 32 Vitrified Clay Pipe, 32 Material Service Life Calculation Examples, 33 34 CHAPTER FIVE PIPE PROTECTION, REPAIR, REHABILITATION, AND REPLACEMENT Coatings, Linings, and Paving, 34 Rehabilitation and Repair Practices, 35 39 CHAPTER SIX INSPECTION Inspection of Pipe Materials at Delivery, 39 Inspection During Construction, 39 Post-Installation Inspection, 40 Post-Installation Inspection Techniques, 40 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, 41 Other Inspection Techniques, 41 Summary of Inspection Techniques, 41 Summary of Current Inspection Practices, 42 43 CHAPTER SEVEN LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS 44 CHAPTER EIGHT CONCLUSIONS Summary of Key Findings, 44 Summary of Knowledge Gaps, 46 Research Needs, 48
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49 REFERENCES 53 APPENDIX A STATE OF THE PRACTICE SURVEY RESULTS 109 APPENDIX B SUMMARY OF SERVICE LIFE CALCULATION METHODS 124 APPENDIX C EXAMPLE SERVICE LIFE CALCULATIONS Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org)
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SUMMARY SERVICE LIFE OF CULVERTS The objective of this study was to update the 1998 NCHRP Synthesis 254: Service Life of Drainage Pipe, which in turn updated the 1978 NCHRP Synthesis 50: Durability of Drainage Pipe. In the past 18 years, the culvert pipe industry and research community has made numerous developments in pipe materials, sophisticated analytical soil-structure interaction modeling techniques, greater use of in situ pipe rehabilitation, and the introduction of larger and more diverse structures.
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2 mechanical properties of thermoplastic pipe, particularly slow crack growth and oxidative/ chemical failure and how they can be controlled. Florida DOT and several other select agencies have sponsored significant research in the area of pipe degradation, and this research can form the basis for better service life prediction models in the future.
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3 most often on average daily traffic or functional classification of roadway. Material service life models developed for different pipe materials are inconsistent and do not relate to limit state (failure mode)
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