Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 54-61
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From page 54... ...
U.S. CHEMICAL DEMILITARIZATION EXPERIENCE In 1969, a National Academy of Sciences report concluded that dumping at sea of chemical warfare agents or munitions should be avoided (NAS, 1969~.
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Duration October 1960July 1974 Amount 3,071 tons Form Bunk agent and minor components of filled munitions Process Agent burned in modified hydrate furnace Metal parts Ton containers detoxified in ton container furnace Waste streams Furnace flue gases passed through scrubber and then electrostatic precipitator before stack discharge wastewater and scrubber brines were Died in spray Dryer to salt, which was placed in a hazardous waste landfill meeting Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations Efficiency Data not available Monitoring Data not available Rate 2 gallons/minute (0.64 ton/hour)
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From page 56... ...
solution in water; spontaneous reaction caused heat evolution Metal parts Drained munitions were rinsed with caustic, mechanically cut, and passed through incinerator furnace (those containing explosive put through a special deactivation furnace that could withstand explosions) Waste streams Neutralization and scrubber brines and wastewater from equipment washdown evaporated in spray or drum dryer to salt, which was placed in RCRA hazardous waste landfi11; ventilation air and incinerator flue gases passed through scrubber Eff~aenc~y Apparently inadequate (analyses showed minute amounts of GB in the brines after supposed end of reaction.
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From page 57... ...
and burned Metal parts Drained projectiles and M55 rockets conveyed into metal parts furnace or deactivation furnace system and heated to about 890°C Waste streams Furnace flue gases passed through scrubber and then demister; stack discharge wastewater and scrubber brines dried in a drum dryer to salt, which was placed in landfill Efficiency > 99.99095% Monitoring <0.00006 mg/m3 Rate 500 lbs (0.25 ton) per hour, maximum Comments Testing of CAMDS system Source: Flamm et al.
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From page 58... ...
by Incineration, at JACADS Destruction Method Characteristic Site Data Site Duration Amount JACADS (Johnston Island) October 31-November 14, 1991 40 tons Form M55 rockets Process Rockets are disassembled, agent drained and incinerated Metal parts Deactivated in metal parts furnace Waste streams Furnace flue gases passed through quench, venturi, scrubber, and then demister; stack discharge wastewater and pollution abatement system brines disposed of through two mechanisms: deep-well injection and doing in a drum dryer to salt, which was placed in landfill Efficiency > 99.9g999% Monitoring < 0.00006 mg/m3.
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From page 59... ...
at CAMDS Destruction Method Characteristic Site Data Site CAMDS (TEAD, UT) Duration June-August, 1984 Amount 8 tons Form Ton containers Process VX drained from tanks, pumped into metal parts furnace system, and burned mainly with either fuel oil or liquified petroleum gas Metal parts Data not available Waste streams Furnace flue gases passed through scrubber and then demister; stack discharge wastewater and scrubber brines dried in a drum dryer to salt, which was placed in landfill Efficiency >99.9~998% Monitoring <0.0003 mg/m3.
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From page 60... ...
Duration October 31-March 5, 1992 Amount 54 tons Form M55 rockets Process Rockets disassembled, agent drained and incinerated Metal parts Deactivated in metal parts furnace Waste streams Furnace flue gases passed through pollution abatement system quench, venturi, scrubber, and then demister; stack discharge wastewater and brines disposed of through two mechanisms: deep-well injection and drying In a drain dryer to salt, which was placed in a landfill Efficiency 99.999999% Monitoring <0.00006 mg/m3. Continuous monitoring for VX CO, Ox, NOx, and SO2; intermittent monitoring for HC1, particulates, trace metals, volatile and semivolatile products of incomplete combustion, TCDDs, TCDFs, and total hydrocarbon Rate 30e2 rockets (Containing a total of 0.15 ton of agent)
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From page 61... ...
Duration August 3~September 5, 1992 Amount 56.5 tons Form Ton containers Process Ton containers are drained and agent incinerated Metal parts Deactivated in metal parts furnace Waste streams Furnace flue gases passed through quench, venturi scrubber, and then demister; stack discharge wastewater and pollution abatement brines dried in drum dryers to salt, which was placed in a landfill Decency ~ 99.99995~o Monitoring <0.008 mg/m3 Rate 1,076 lbs an hour Comments Destruction during OVT Three Source: Evans (1993~.
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