A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events (2014) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 14-53
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 14... ...
S e c t i o n 2 Principles
|
From page 15... ...
17 Comprehensive regional transportation planning for disasters, emergencies, and significant events is a process by which a region sets forth a vision, goals, and objectives across multiple jurisdictions, stakeholders, modes, and communities to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate against such events. Comprehensive regional transportation planning is all-inclusive geographically and functionally and considers all types of disasters, emergencies, and significant events that could occur in the area covered by the plan.
|
From page 16... ...
18 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events – What land uses are currently located in the most high-risk areas in the multijurisdictional area; and what measures are in place to protect them, to encourage them to relocate, or to discourage further development? What are the possible stresses on transportation infrastructure and resources in an emergency?
|
From page 17... ...
Comprehensive 19 • Evaluate the hazards and risks pertinent to the region, even those that may be relatively rare but still pose a risk. – Review the list of hazards with planning partners.
|
From page 18... ...
20 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events require protective actions to prepare for, protect against, or mitigate a terrorist attack or other hazard (National Infrastructure Protection Plan [NIPP] website 2012)
|
From page 19... ...
Comprehensive 21 multi-stakeholder focus of the consortium has yielded effective working relationships and strengthened emergency readiness and response capabilities between government, transportation entities, and the private sector, as demonstrated with Hurricane Sandy. • Case Study 5: The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG)
|
From page 20... ...
22 Shared Responsibility "Effective response to an incident is a shared responsibility of governments at all levels, the private sector, and NGOs, and individual citizens." -- National Response Framework 2012 Cooperation is the act of working with others voluntarily to obtain a mutual benefit. It requires multi-stakeholder decision making and interaction over the long term (Lanka, Wiek, and Ries 2009)
|
From page 21... ...
Cooperative 23 Principles • Comprehensive • Cooperative • Informative • Coordinated • Inclusive • Exercised • Flexible • Continuous/ Iterative Cooperation Provides a Framework Cooperation provides "a framework to exchange ideas and best practices; facilitate planning and allocation of resources; establish effective coordinating structures among partners; enhance coordination with the international community; and build public awareness." -- NIPP 2009. These partnerships continue through development and analysis of plans, policy and decision making, implementation and operations, and recovery and restoration.
|
From page 22... ...
24 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events Tools The following tools, which are detailed in Section 4, support cooperative planning efforts: • Tool 1: Checklist of Potential Stakeholders • Tool 4: Sample Transportation Security and Hazard Mitigation Strategies for Various Project Modes and Types • Tool 6: Key Steps to Effective Collaboration • Tool 7: Questions for Collaborative Partners and Other Stakeholders to Ask Each Other • Tool 8: Strategies to Exercise a Regional Transportation Plan for Disasters, Emergencies and Significant Events Tips • Some communities, particularly in metropolitan areas, have well-established interagency partnerships to plan for regional transportation needs and emergency response and recovery. In some cases, long-range transportation plans (LRTPs)
|
From page 23... ...
Cooperative 25 committee meets regularly to brainstorm issues around disaster response and recovery. During Hurricane Ike in 2008, the HGAC assisted with contraflow, collaborating with sheriffs' departments, state police, and counties in the region.
|
From page 24... ...
26 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events in the state using collaborations with local officials around the state, including SMCOG, to determine regional priorities for transportation. • Case Study 8: Hurricane Sandy.
|
From page 25... ...
27 Effective and informed communications are essential in carrying out each of the other principles in regional transportation planning for disasters, emergencies, and significant events. Informative communication implies accurate, timely messages dispersed, received, and understood across multiple channels and media.
|
From page 26... ...
28 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events • Determine the robustness and redundancies of information exchange. • Develop contingencies for alternate information sharing resources during a massive communications outage.
|
From page 27... ...
Informative 29 • Understand the interdependencies between transportation, utilities, communications, and other systems and priorities for restoration of services. • Additional strategies for situational awareness include the following: – Identify mechanisms for regular data collection and exchanges with stakeholders about essential services.
|
From page 28... ...
30 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events • For both planning and events, bringing media in early is important because the media have a different and unique perspective on the region. The news goes on all the time -- will transportation and emergency management be there to shape the story or not?
|
From page 29... ...
Informative 31 plans shared by other agencies and references to other plans. The Alaska DOT also manages an internal website with 10 training modules that accompany the guide.
|
From page 30... ...
32 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events and planning documents. The EMA formed a functional needs support services working group to review sections of the mass-sheltering annex of the emergency operations plan.
|
From page 31... ...
33 Regional transportation planning establishes a coordinated system for identifying problems and solutions that cross jurisdictional boundaries and involve multiple agencies. A coordinated planning approach for disasters, emergencies, and significant events fosters a more cohesive interaction between and within agencies, throughout all levels, and across hierarchical political and jurisdictional boundaries.
|
From page 32... ...
34 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events Strategies Strategies to coordinate regional transportation planning efforts for disasters, emergencies, and significant events include the following: • Use planned events to bring key stakeholders to the planning table, and leverage those relationships and resources for regional transportation planning for disasters and emergencies. • Focus on what is required to get started to meet regional emergency transportation needs.
|
From page 33... ...
Coordinated 35 • Tool 6: Key Steps to Effective Collaboration • Tool 7: Questions for Collaborative Partners and Other Stakeholders to Ask Each Other • Tool 8: Strategies to Exercise a Regional Transportation Plan for Disasters, Emergencies and Significant Events Tips • One of the most common forms of coordination is to convene planning meetings at regularly scheduled intervals, which can be as often as monthly or as infrequent as once a year. In practice, these meetings include planning and carrying out exercises to test assumptions and readiness.
|
From page 34... ...
36 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events • Regular, continuing coordination with law enforcement, health, transportation, and fire and rescue occurs across state and city borders. This includes law enforcement pursuing suspects; transportation of patients to hospitals across borders; and fire and rescue services responding to incidents across borders as needed.
|
From page 35... ...
37 Inclusive regional transportation planning for disasters, emergencies, and significant events creates an equitable transportation system that addresses the needs of all people. Inclusive planning affords opportunities for involvement and representation of all people affected by the plan.
|
From page 36... ...
38 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events (NGOs) and other agencies that understand the needs of people with access and functional needs and transit-dependent populations.
|
From page 37... ...
Inclusive 39 Tips • TCRP Report 150 provides a comprehensive, step-by-step toolkit for building inclusive grassroots networks of people and organizations to support emergency transportation planning and response. It describes a proven approach for how to build an association of agencies and organizations that understand the transportation needs of drivers and non-drivers, including the region's most vulnerable citizens (Matherly et al.
|
From page 38... ...
40 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events with mobile homes, residences, and businesses. The purchases and relocations are credited with saving an estimated 100 lives during a major 1997 flood.
|
From page 39... ...
41 In most regions, transportation operations, law enforcement, and emergency response personnel interact daily to handle small and large incidents on highways, transit and rail systems, waterways, and airports. Gaining experience for much larger multijurisdictional events usually requires a formally planned exercise, coordination of a large, planned event, or a combination of the two.
|
From page 40... ...
42 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events Because results, findings, and lessons learned from exercises can help shape and guide the planning process, exercises should be conducted soon after the development of initial plans. Doing this may permit modifications to counter shortcomings and problems before they are actually experienced under emergency conditions.
|
From page 41... ...
Exercised 43 • Determine which target groups will be included. • Design the exercise format.
|
From page 42... ...
44 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events Examples Full-scale drills and tabletop exercises are standard methods to test regional emergency transportation plans. • Each year, the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (Alabama EMA)
|
From page 43... ...
Exercised 45 city and suburbs to pick up people with mobility limitations, then transfer them to regional coach buses for transport out of the city. • Traffic simulation for evacuation modeling was applied to a large commercial shopping area around the Northwest Arkansas Mall and Spring Creek Centre in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
|
From page 44... ...
46 Flexible regional transportation planning for disasters, emergencies, and significant events builds resilience, which can be defined as "a system's ability to accommodate variable and expected conditions without catastrophic failure" and to restore normal operations quickly. Flexible planning includes planning for circumstances that may be unlikely but could cause significant harm if not considered beforehand (Litman 2006)
|
From page 45... ...
Flexible 47 • Plan for a wide range of possible conditions and scenarios. – High-probability and low-probability events – A variety of event characteristics – Infrastructure conditions – Citizen responses • Engage a diverse team to develop event, impact, and response scenarios and identify possible flexible uses of the transportation system.
|
From page 46... ...
48 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events – How resilient is the system? How quickly can the transportation network adapt to changing circumstances and return to normal operations?
|
From page 47... ...
Flexible 49 under extreme conditions and highlights the need for redundancies. A key deficiency was a lack of real-time information with mapping capabilities that showed which roads were closed statewide.
|
From page 48... ...
50 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events • Case Study 8: Hurricane Sandy. Transportation agencies' abilities to modify services and restore operations during Hurricane Sandy recovery provide insights into key considerations for building flexibility into regional plans.
|
From page 49... ...
51 Regional transportation planning must be ongoing and regular. For readiness and resilience, planning for disasters requires a different focus in terms of longevity.
|
From page 50... ...
52 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events Strategies The following strategies can support efforts to sustain regional transportation planning for disasters, emergencies, and significant events. • Set goals, objectives, and milestones.
|
From page 51... ...
Continuous/Iterative 53 – Identify gaps in transportation services – Record, investigate, and learn from demonstrated problems – Facilitate continual evaluation and improvement • Be sure there is always a successor in line to lead the regional planning efforts. Tools The tools listed here (all the tools, in this case)
|
From page 52... ...
54 A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events to direct motorist assist services and bring more people together to handle road incidents. As work to detect and mitigate incidents continued, the incident management coordinator realized more could be done to improve incident management in the region.
|
From page 53... ...
Continuous/Iterative 55 that run through both jurisdictions. SMCOG also helps local jurisdictions develop county wide, multijurisdictional, multihazard mitigation plans and helps electric cooperatives develop local hazard mitigation plans.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.